This paper begins with a description of four generations of research in machine translation: the original efforts of 1957 to 1965 and three types of surviving and sometimes competing present projects. The three types of present projects include those relying on "brute force" methods involving larger and faster computers; those based on a…

An expectation based system, NGP, for parsing English noun groups into the Conceptual Dependency representation is described. The system is a part of English Language Interpreter (ELI) which is used as the front end to several natural language understanding systems and is capable of handling a wide range of sentences of considerable complexity.…

A survey of literature on recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence provides a comprehensive introduction to this field for the non-technical reader. Important areas covered are: (1) definitions, (2) the brain and thinking, (3) heuristic search, and (4) programing languages used in the research of artificial intelligence. Some…

This work provides a five-language translation of 1200 technical terms covering various aspects of documentation activities including: linguistic problems; information sciences; systems analysis, design, and evaluation; cataloging and classification; and general concepts of electronic data processing. Each term is listed according to subject area,…

Twenty-four U.S. institutions and six Canadian institutions offering training for translators are listed here. Each citation contains the name and address of the school, the director's name, and a brief description of the program or courses. (PMP)

The songs in this collection of Hawaiian traditional and Christmas songs are postmissionary and owe their musical origin to missionary hymns dating from the mid-1850's to 1968. Nearly all are sung often today and are well known to Hawaiian singers. Many have not been translated before. Each song appears in Hawaiian and English, prefaced by brief…

"Elmath," a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) course intended for in-service training of teachers of elementary school mathematics, has been translated into Spanish, together with accompanying handbook, achievement tests, and attitude scale. The English version has been used successfully by the Appalachia Regional Laboratory and by The…

The present volume is a description of Pengo, a tribal Dravidian language spoken in the Koraput district of Orissa, and in the adjoining district of Kalhandi in India. Hitherto unknown to scholarship, it was investigated by the authors at various periods between 1957-66. Their work is intended to provide a "comprehensive account of the…

This reader is designed to introduce the student to the language of the modern Hebrew Israeli press. It assumes on the part of the student a knowledge of the basic elements of modern Hebrew structure and a basic vocabulary usually covered during the first two years of college courses in modern Hebrew. Each unit is glossed in English independently…

Presented in this paper is an illustration of the Lantran Chincode System for coding the Chinese language on ordinary English language typewriters or computer terminal keyboards. The key element of the Lantran coding is the use of the Pinyin phonetic romanization which has been officially standard in Communist China for the past 10 years. The end…

This paper explains a method of semantic analysis developed in the course of a natural-language research project that led to the computer implementation of the Multistore Parser. Positing an interlinguistic substratum of semantic particles of several different types (e.g. substantive, attributive, developmental, relational), a method is…

This first English edition of Trubetzkoy's classic work, translated by Christiane A.M. Baltaxe, treats some 200 phonological systems attested in the world's languages. Central to the book is the author's "Theory of Distinctiveness" which states that there are certain minimal distinctive phonic properties that appear to be universal…

Almost all of the published work on the philosophical question of mechanical intelligence has argued in favor of one or the other of the polarities of possible positions. It is however possible to take a position between these two extremes, those of the True Believer and the Infidel. While this agnostic position is not a strong position in the…

This report describes an optimization phase of the SYSTRAN (System Translation) machine translation technique. The most distinctive characteristic of SYSTRAN is the absence of pre-editing; the program reads tapes containing raw and unedited Russian texts, carries out dictionary and table lookups, performs all syntactic analysis procedures, and…

This issue of the Language by Radio Interest Group newsletter contains: an article by Paul A. Gaeng on his experience as a radio listener, an article by Richard E. Wood on "Radio Peking," and a partial reprint of frequency listings from the January 1976 number. Gaeng reports that, when he was a student in Geneva, he developed skills as a…