In Finland, the transition from an agricultural to a service economy was unusually late and rapid. Finns still show high respect for work and formal education. Although Finland has a well-developed educational system and high levels of educational participation, unequal educational opportunities remain and are increasing. Future educational policy…

Discusses the changes in journalism occurring during the growth of private enterprise in the United States. Focuses on newspapers in Chicago and other midwestern cities. Describes Joseph Pulitzer's "New York World" as the culmination of the urbanization of U.S. journalism, recognizing the development of public interdependence in a…

Aspects of developing countries that may make computer-integrated manufacturing inappropriate include (1) inadequate infrastructure; (2) lack of capital; (3) policies regarding use of local products; (4) many small and medium-sized businesses; and (5) management practices. Higher productivity depends more on skilled management and workers and more…

Analysis of 238 variables pertaining to 170 polities indicated that linguistic heterogeneity could not independently predict either gross national product or civil strife, with the former primarily accounted for by modernization and industrialization variables, and the latter by long- and short-term deprivation and inadequate coercive power. (14…

Traces the genesis of the systems paradigm in organizational study in the United States to 19th-century engineering practices, based on primary data from three professional journals. The systems paradigm evolved from three forces: the professionalization of mechanical engineering, the political culture of Progressivism, and the politics of labor…

Highlighting one aspect of the economic transition in China (industrialization), this article focuses on how a change in employment from an agricultural to a non-agricultural job could change the household division of labor. Longitudinal analysis of data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey showed that such job shifts affected the household…

The nation's industrial revolution began after the Civil War. Thomas Edison codified the simple and repeatable process of invention, and off the country went on an inventive joy ride that shows no sign of letting up. Undoubtedly, Edison's greatest invention was the process of industrial research, for equipped with it people can make products and…

Modern industrial society liberated the sources of livelihood, gave birth to salaried labour and began to cater for social mobility, i.e. broke the foundations of traditional estate society. Traditional trades and socialization mechanisms attached to families were replaced by mass production and education. Education played a crucial role in the…

This article describes a group students in an elementary gifted class used discovery to learn about life in industrial New England. Taking multiple days to analyze this topic, students used artifacts (chairs), discussion, and primary sources to explore the politics of the 1830s. They examined the workings of Hitchcockville, CT, and a Massachusetts…

What is the likelihood of controlling technology by means of the law? In traditional societies, the law was deeply embedded in, and dependent on, culture (the totality of human creations for making sense of and living in the world). Industrialization required a complete restructuring of both technology and society, thus engulfing all traditions in…

This study explores the recent trend where African countries have shown a decline in expansion of their school systems and in replacing expatriates engaged in vital public and private activity. The study explores policy options and traces the evolution of World Bank ideas and actions to help practitioners design policies and programs better…

This study examines the relationship between industrialization and family structure in Hong Kong. Findings show that, as the development of industrialization increases, there have been corresponding changes in the structure of the family which evolves from a broken extended form, to a settled stem one, and currently toward a nuclear one. (Author)

This guidebook presents 64 profiles of successful economic development initiatives in the small towns and rural areas of 37 states. Intended for use by rural and small town leaders and rural economic development specialists, the guide provides ideas, encouragement, and an "insider perspective" on alternative rural development strategies.…

When viewing the current status of psychology in terms of membership in international psychological associations, it appears that large parts of the world are grossly underrepresented, with only 4 psychologists per million in Asia and Africa compared to 424 per million in North America. Having originated in Western Europe and North America in the…

Presents data and discussion arguing that the youth revolt is a significant social force that will continue to grow: the process of industrialization should be extending the period of youth as well as creating greater productivity, and productivity seems to be undermining the motivating force of the achievement ideology. (Author/JM)