Four ethical problems arose during the conduct of a fieldwork investigation of the life experience of three student teachers: acquiring permission to begin the study; limits on digging into personal lives; pitfalls of collaborative research; and the endangerment of participant image or position as a result of personal revelation. (Author/GPM)

Costs and benefits of New York's Truth-in-Testing law are reviewed and related to constitutional issues and fairness to test-makers as well as test-takers. Besides matters of cost and test question availability, challenges to the legislation also involve issues of due process, equal protection, and infringement of existing copyright laws. (MSE)

Analyzed self-disclosure patterns of Anglo Americans and Hispanics. Results reveal that females, in general, report significantly more disclosures than males. Anglo Americans indicate more disclosure than Hispanics, and disclosure among Hispanic males is particularly low. Suggests ethnicity was not a significant factor in determining preferred…

Uses psychological sex-role designations (masculine, feminine, and androgynous) to extend the investigation of gender differences related to two communication variables: self-disclosure and communication apprehension. (JMF)

Summarizes the findings of an initial study designed to explore the relationship between instructor communication variables--communicator style, disclosiveness, and solidarity--and student learning. Reports in detail a follow-up study which assessed the relationship between the same set of instructor variables and student evaluations. (PD)

Presents an alternative between open access to test results as recommended by consumer groups and test security as practiced by test producers. The alternative suggested places counselors directly in the center as interpreters who can satisfy client needs for increased feedback while maintaining test integrity. (Author)

Reviews issues related to disclosure of disability and disability-related needs by students in postsecondary education. Discusses research, benefits, concerns, and attitudes related to disclosure. Provides counseling and systems change strategies to enhance the disclosure and self-advocacy skills of students with disabilities. (FC)

Psychologists may struggle with what to do when counseling recalcitrant HIV-positive clients who refuse to disclose to third parties at risk. This paper revisits the legal and ethical quagmire that pits "dangerous patient exception" against client confidentiality rights. A 'duty to maintain hope,' which may ultimately minimize the spread…

Examines the role of motivation in substance abusers' acceptance of treatment and its relation to treatment outcomes. Better motivation was consistently associated with severity of substance use. Motivation was not related to alcohol and drug use severity six months later. Severity associated with motivation at entry was not related to clients'…

A study examined identity issues and health behaviors of 52 mainstreamed students (ages 11-15) who are hard-of-hearing and 470 controls. Although there were few statistically significant differences, there were indications that subjects more often experienced a sense of loneliness. The majority did not self-identify as having a hearing disability.…

Describes supportive episodes in an HIV/AIDS support group and the role of social support for group members. Finds that members used communication as a healing agent, as a preparatory mechanism for living with AIDS, as an outlet for expressing emotions, and as a means for changing society. Identifies feedback and self-disclosure as essential…

A study of 1,269 elementary school children was conducted to test the effectiveness of Project TRUST (Teaching Reaching Using Students and Theater), a victimization prevention program. The program was found to be effective in increasing prevention knowledge and generating abuse disclosures without creating student anxiety. (CR)

Reviews research on the effects of counselor self-disclosure, examining studies from the early 1970s to the present. Summarizes studies and offers observations, evaluations, and recommendations about the counselor self-disclosure literature, along with suggestions for improving future research. (TE)

Three reasons for teaching medical ethics during residency are presented. Key ethical concepts to be addressed include moral aspects of medical practice, obtaining informed consent, dealing with incompetent patients and those who refuse treatment, knowing when to withhold or disclose clinical information, and using medical resources properly. (MSE)

Two laboratory studies examined self- and socially caused behavior. Found that subjects who preferred socially caused behavior were more likely to choose spontaneous interactions with strangers (Study 1) and were more accurate in assessing their own influence over behavior of others in self-disclosure task (Study 2) than were those who preferred…