According to composition researcher Ken Macrorie, the student research paper violates the pedagogical premise that writing skills are best learned when the writer says something he or she really believes in, for a specific purpose, to a well-defined audience. The problem is not solved by simply telling students that their classmates as well as…

It is possible to reconcile two supposedly warring viewpoints toward composition pedagogy: that writers know what they want to say before they begin writing (a viewpoint that stresses the communicative function of writing), and that writers discover what they have to say in the act of saying it (a viewpoint that focuses on the heuristic value of…

This study investigates the physical characteristics, body composition, cardiovascular and pulmonary functions, and aerobic capabilities of male and female long distance runners. Eleven runners volunteered to take tests to determine background information, body fat, oxygen uptake, and running time and pace. Conclusions made from this study…

BOOK I, PART 2 CONTAINS LESSONS 15 TO 25 AND REVIEW LESSONS OF THE INTRODUCTORY THAI COURSE "FOUNDATIONS OF THAI." AS IN BOOK I, PART 1, AUDIO-LINGUAL SKILLS ARE EMPHASIZED AND EXTENSIVE USE IS MADE OF ORAL PATTERN DRILLS. THE SAME FORMAT IS FOLLOWED IN BOTH VOLUMES, WITH INCREASING USE OF THE THAI ALPHABET IN PART 2. THE AUTHORS'…

The electrical activity of the abdominal muscles was tested during situps to determine the effect upon integrated muscle action potential (MAP). The following types of situps were used in testing 18 college males: (1) trunk curls; (2) AAHPER situp; (3) YMCA situp; (4) modified AAHPER situp; and (5) modified YMCA situp. All situps were performed…

This study was designed to test the tenability of the following hypothesis: that body weight and displacement are factors to consider when prescribing exercise or assessing physical fitness status. Work output was calculated for each subject on four exercises (situp, pullup, pushup, and vertical jump). There was a significant correlation between…

The Turnverein movement in German schools in the early 19th century emphasized the importance of physical education. German immigrants brought this movement to the United States, establishing Turnverein societies in many American cities. They also prepared gymnastics teachers in normal schools and pushed legislation to make physical education…

The psychological effects of exercise training are difficult to study in humans, but analogous emotionality changes in animals can be studied using simple measurements employed in emergence and open-field tests. The basis of these tests is that animals that are more emotional are more fearful when placed in a novel situation and will exhibit less…

If exercise programs are to become effective in producing the desired results, then the correct exercise prescription must be applied. Four variables should be controlled in the prescription of exercise: (a) type of activity, (b) intensity, (c) duration, and (d) frequency. The long-term prescription of exercise involves the use of a (a) starter…

This document describes "lifetime sports" education in Pennsylvania. "Lifetime sports" is defined as individual and dual sports that increase energy expenditure and contribute to personal fitness so that people can safely pursue them throughout their life. The historical background is given for the specific program in…

This report summarizes the procedures and outcomes of the 1971 classroom tryout of the Southwest Regional Laboratory (SWRL) Second-Grade Composition Skills Exercises, a series of sequenced writing lessons for second graders who have completed the SWRL first-grade exercises. The purpose of the tryout was to identify appropriate writing outcomes for…

This study investigates the effect of a three-month physical fitness program on serum-free cholesterol concentration in four age and fitness adult groups. Twenty-four men were divided into the following groups: (a) young, low-fit; (b) old, low-fit; (c) young, high-fit; and (d) old, high-fit. All subjects had normal resting glucose and triglyceride…

The relative rates of strength recovery subsequent to bouts of rhythmic or sustained isometric exercise were investigated. The 72 undergraduates who served as subjects were tested seven times within the framework of a repeated measures design. Each testing session involved two bouts of either rhythmic or sustained isometric exercise separated by a…

The end point of exercise occurs when the subject can no longer continue the activity due to pain, weakness, or boredom. Shortly following the exercise, however, most subjects report that they could have worked longer--indicating a memory loss or escape from pain previously encountered. This study was an attempt to examine the physiological…