This paper briefly describes four early childhood education philosophies (cognitive-interactionist, behaviorist, affective-interactionist, and developmental-maturationist). Each philosophy is briefly reviewed to provide understanding of its application to an appropriate curriculum model. A reading program congruent with each philosophy and model…

A program of individually prescribed reading instruction is described. The model to provide for this individualization consists of the following components: (1) sequentially established curricular objectives stated in behavior terms, (2) a procedure and process for diagnosis of achievement in terms of the objectives, (3) the necessary materials…

The Reading Achievement Center, at the Murchison School in the Mexican-American community of East Los Angeles, offers an individualized reading program for grades 3-6; the program was begun in the fall of 1972 and includes inservice teacher training, experimentation with new systems, and a commitment to help children develop a positive…

Individually Guided Education (IGE) in a Multi-Init School (MUS-E) is a comprehensive model for organizing an elementary school. This system incorporates non-graded multi-aged grouping, shared decisionmaking, differentiated staffing, a team approach, and instructional programming based on individual student needs. The purpose of this study was to…

Standardized achievement tests may not be an accurate diagnostic tool for measuring individual pupil achievement in reading. Criterion-referenced tests, designed to measure specific goal mastery, can provide valuable information that standardized forms cannot. In addition, criterion-referenced tests give teachers the diagnostic tools needed to…

One of the programs included in "Effective Reading Programs...," this program serves over 3,100 first, second, and third grade, predominantly disadvantaged children. Approximately 2,000 junior high school students also participate in the program as cross-age tutors. Begun in 1972, the program focuses on reading and language development.…

One of the programs included in "Effective Reading Programs...," this program is designed to help primary level children achieve success in language development before a pattern of failure is established. The program began in 1969 and serves 219 first, second, and third graders. The program employs diagnostic measures to identify each…

This program, included in "Effective Reading Programs...," serves about 1,400 students from two junior high schools. Approximately 25 percent of the students have a reading deficiency of at least two grade levels. The goal of the program is to provide individualized reading instruction to enable all students to reach their full…

This program, included in "Effective Reading Programs...," serves 184 disadvantaged white and Spanish-speaking children ranging in age from four to seven and having pretest reading scores of at least one grade level below expectancy. Individualized reading instruction and multilevel grouping are the focus of this program, begun in 1970.…

This program, included in "Effective Reading Programs...," serves 350 seventh graders and 295 eighth graders from middle-income families. The seventh-grade component began in 1971; the eighth-grade component began in 1973. The results of diagnostic tests administered to all seventh graders are used to write individualized educational…

One of the twelve exemplary programs summarized in the Introduction to Right to Read's "Effective Reading Programs: Summaries of 222 Selected Programs" (CS001934), this program is designed to accommodate all types of learners in the same multigraded classroom. Reading skills study each day begins with a planning circle, where each…

Two major concepts are considered. First, a distinction is made between Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) which is more closely associated with the cognitive domain and Individual Reading Program (IRP) which is more representative of the affective domain. IPI is characterized by continuous progress, skill mastery, subject matter…

This fourth monograph in the PREP reading series, concerns the role of the reading specialist who gives specific and concentrated treatment to individual and groups of children. He works closely with the classroom teacher, either in one school or in several. Related documents in this kit are: (5-B) "References"; (5-C) "Diagnostic…

An approach to learning called "English in Every Classroom" and based on the concepts of saturation and diffusion is presented in a book that proposes to surround the student with newspapers, magazines, and paperbound books until he comes to perceive them as a pleasureable means to a necessary end and to relate school to the world outside. The…

A high versus low rationale approach in teaching reading to grade-7 students was tested. The high rationale included using a traditional basal series approach that emphasized the ability to identify "the reasons why of how to read" through rules or formulas. The low rationale approach deemphasized rules and formulas except as the need…