Results of this evaluation study did not find that attribution retraining (embedded within a mathematics computer-assisted instructional program) had a significant impact on the attributions of 29 students with learning disabilities. However, students in the attribution retraining condition did complete more program levels and scored higher on…

Describes a preliminary, comparative study of understandings and images of management activities revealed by 36 Chinese teachers and 30 British teachers taking education management courses at the University of Nottingham. The United Kingdom and Hong Kong teachers revealed more similarities than differences in their understanding of management…

Content analysis of the explanations given for their molestation by 84 female adolescent incest victims found no relationship between self-esteem or depression scores and whether subjects found an explanation for the molestation. However, type of attribution was related to self-esteem and depression, with internal attribution related to more…

Preschoolers' appraisals of others' emotions were compared with adults' appraisals. The accuracy of children's appraisals varied with age and with type and intensity of emotion. Children's appraisals were biased toward attribution of causes to external factors. Attributions to internal factors varied with age, emotion, and type of internal factor.…

This study, involving 49 teachers and 1,164 students, found that teachers tend to feel responsible for the academic successes of their students and to attribute their failures to external factors. Teachers with a high or medium rating on sense of responsibility exhibited more significantly positive attitudes toward their students. (Author/JDD)

A survey of 1,000 Americans with self-ascribed disabling conditions identified 6 factors differentiating individuals who did and did not consider themselves "disabled," including (1) belief that others considered them disabled, (2) self-rated severity of disability, (3) identification with others with disabilities, (4) gender, (5)…

Compares possible causal attributions for college success and failure in 358 American and Asian undergraduate students. American students attributed academic success more often to ability than did Asian students, and they appeared to believe that effort was more important to success than lack of effort was to failure. (GLR)

Examined college student attitudes toward women and attribution of responsibility for acquaintance rape. Findings from 417 students revealed that, in situations described in scenarios, male college students were more likely to assign responsibility to the woman. They more strongly believed that the woman wanted to have sexual intercourse and that…

This study compared sex offenders against children and adults on measures of cognitive distortions relating to sex with children and rape and a measure of blame attribution. Child sexual offenders endorsed more cognitive distortions relating to sex with children and reported more guilt-feeling attributions. (Author/DB)

Examines student motivation and achievement in relation to Attribution Theory. Asked public school students to indicate causes they attributed to success or failure in music. Shows that students place more importance on ability and effort as causal attributions. Grade, school level, and school system have significant effects on student response.…

Argues that cross-cultural studies need to recognize that motivation is a multifaceted concept. Reports on a small-scale comparison of United Kingdom and Chinese school students across measures of attributions for success and failure, goal orientations, and self-esteem. Discusses results in terms of motivation advantages, foci of student…

Twenty-five participants (ages 15-40) with Asperger syndrome scored significantly higher on a measure of paranoia and lower on a measure of theory of mind, compared with a control group. They did not differ in self-concept and causal attributions. A regression analysis highlighted private self-consciousness as the only predictor of paranoia.…

Strategy use, recall, metamemory, and attributional beliefs were assessed in 31 students (age 10) with and 33 students without mild mental retardation over a 3-year period. Although both groups employed effective strategies and increased their strategy use over time, students without mental retardation were more strategic. Attribution beliefs and…

A meta-analysis of 97 studies published since 1950 that assessed sex differences in scores on objective and projective dependency tests indicated that women consistently obtained higher dependency scores on objective tests, and men obtained higher scores on projective tests. Findings are discussed in terms of sex role socialization. (SLD)

This meta-analysis builds on past qualitative reviews examining different attributions that observers give for other women's and men's successes and failures. Results suggest the greatest support for the argument that differences in expectations for women's and men's performances on masculine tasks influence the selection of stable or unstable…