Third and fourth grade children were instructed to share half their winnings from a bowling game under one of three types of verbal appeal: a power assertive appeal emphasizing punishment for noncompliance, an inductive appeal emphasizing contributions to the other's well-being, or a neutral appeal. (Author/DB)

Australian secondary students were asked to list five crimes they had heard of, their source of information, and their views on appropriate punishment. A systematic relationship was found between these three elements. Justifications made for mitigating circumstances were analyzed for type of crime and by attribution theories. (Author/SJL)

Tested and extended Deaux's expectancy model of sex-linked differences in attribution for success. Finding's indicated that female occupational subjects, relative to males, tended to attribute success more to unstable causes of effort and luck. Male subjects attributed success more to the stable causes of ability and task ease. (Author/RC)

A literature review reveals that learning disabled children are more likely than normal achievers to attribute successes, but not failures, to external factors. The implications of locus of control for the field of learning disabilities are discussed in terms of its relation to academic achievement, learned helplessness, and remediation programs.…

Examines cues which guide the discovery of simple cause-effect relations, beginning with the properties (suggested by Hume) of temporal precedence, covariation and contiguity; explores variables which can influence simple causal judgments; and discusses developmental evidence regarding inference principles associated with causal schemata.…

Two studies were conducted to determine whether students perceive meaningful influence patterns among the causal variables involved in determining exam performance. It was observed that the students perceived a number of both unidirectional and bidirectional intercausal effects; these were related to both perceived success and causal attributions.…

Youths perceive mothers and fathers as more conservative or traditional than their parents' responses justify. Youths exaggerate parental agreement. This polarized misattribution is independent of the gender of the youth, reflecting the "generational stake" of each cohort involved in socialization interaction. (Author)

Participants in sensitivity training reported more change after training than before and these changes were more positively evaluated than change prior to training. Changes after training were seen as more personally caused. These effects were particularly marked for behaviors that were positively evaluated. (Author)

The hypothesis that there would be less self-attribution of responsibility for the positive joint outcome in dyads of high attraction was confirmed in this study. (Author)

Children, aged 9, 12, and 15, evaluated successes and failures of other children using information supplied about ability, effort, outcome, and sex. Several sex differences were found, particularly in the extent to which evaluations related to effort and outcome information. Findings are compared to those of American and Iranian studies.…

One initial and two follow-up experiments were conducted to test social comparison predictions regarding influence processes related to risk taking in groups. Subjects were 137 male and female college students. (MP)

Two experiments were conducted to examine the role of sex differences in learned helplessness in the generalization of failure experience. Subjects in experiment 1 were fifth graders and subjects in experiment 2 were fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. (MP)

Five studies investigated self-other differences in processing personal information. Undergraduate students rated self-referent or other-referent personal adjectives. (CM)

This study investigated age trends in children's explanations of their own academic successes and failures. Ability attributions for success and failure in reading were more effectively predicted by reading attainment in older than in younger children. Perception of own attainment was more accurate in older children. Sex differences were also…

Suggests that socially anxious and low anxious males may perceive social events similarly but interpret them differently. (RL)