Allowing students to make choices (e.g., on the reading materials to read for an assignment) can contribute to creating learning environments that promote critical thinking, and intrinsic motivation among students. Given this potential that choice has to enhance instruction, it is reasonable to examine its potential as a contributor to enhanced…

In a school district in the Southwestern region of the United States, middle school music educators did not participate in district-wide initiatives to improve teacher assessment literacy, which encompasses the assessment knowledge and practices of teachers in support of student learning. The educators varied widely in their grading and assessment…

Autograding short textual answers has become much more feasible due to the rise of NLP and the increased availability of question-answer pairs brought about by a shift to online education. Autograding performance is still inferior to human grading. The statistical and black-box nature of state-of-the-art machine learning models makes them…

We study the existence of a gender gap between two methods of grading student achievement in Spain, namely teachers' assessment which measures cognitive outcomes and standardised test scores, which are consistent across Spanish schools. We use rich census information of Andalusian students attending secondary schools. Our results indicate that…

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions of grading policies and practices. A phenomenological study was pursued as the method allows for a deeper, more meaningful investigation into the lived experiences of subjects. In this case, a sample of secondary teachers working for a district that has recently adopted a mastery-based…

Using mathematically unsound scales and inequitable grading practices has complicated the grading process for teachers and created educational barriers for students. This quantitative study compared the effect of the 100-point percentage and 4-point interval grading scale on Algebra 1 final grades. This study also investigated if there was a…

Individual readiness assurance tests (iRATs) are frequently graded in team-based learning (TBL) classrooms, with the goal of incentivizing individual pre-class preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether shifting to an ungraded iRAT process affects student preparation and learning, as measured using assessment scores, and…

Grades are ubiquitous in schools and have significant consequences in students' lives. Over a century of research has reported variability in teachers' grade compositions and grading practices. Although measurement experts have advocated for grades to represent student achievement alone, teachers continue to include nonachievement factors, such as…

The history of grading practices is riddled with inequities, dating to the inception of the traditional grading system, which was designed to rank and sort. Despite expanding public education to include all members of society, traditional grading practices have yet to evolve in response to the growing demand for equitable and student-centered…

The focus of this study is on understanding the perceptions of middle school mathematics teachers about the implementation of standards-based grading (SBG). The study employs a multiple case design using four Connecticut middle schools where standards-based grading was in the process of being implemented. In each school, three mathematics teachers…

Introduction: The grading process in secondary education is always challenging to navigate since the subjective dimension of the human parameter always seems to interfere dynamically in combination with the variety of the submitted assessment questions grounded on the grading teacher's style. The central questions asked are: a) what are the…

How do examiners reach joint decisions when they grade oral examinations? While government and policymakers provide general frameworks about grading decisions, we know little about how they are actually accomplished in interaction, particularly when examiners initially disagree. We scrutinized 29 video-recorded grading conversations between…

Purpose: This paper focuses on the factors related to faculty workload in the context of resource scarcity to examine whether there is a relationship between them and grade inflation. Design/methodology/approach: As for methodological novelty, the authors created an indicator of students' expectations about grades that is related to grade…

This article describes the results of a survey of community college instructors who were asked about the writing they assign in non-English courses. The 171 respondents, representing 140 colleges, identified the kinds of writing they assign and the challenges that come with assigning writing. These challenges included finding time to grade…

Predicting academic performance for students majoring in computer science has long been a significant field of research in computing education. Previous studies described that accurate prediction of students' early-stage performance could identify low-performing students and take corrective action to improve performance. Besides, adopting machine…