Describes the Seventh Grade Tobacco Prevention (S.T.E.P.) program, evaluating its impact on adolescent tobacco use, tobacco knowledge, and beliefs about tobacco use. Results revealed that same-age peers had the least effect in changing the students' knowledge level, had a negative effect on changing students' beliefs, and had a negative effect on…

A historical case study of the construction and reconstruction of race between the late 19th century and the 1940s is used to document the ways in which the social, cultural, political, and historical contexts in which knowers are embedded influence the knowledge they construct and reconstruct. (Author/SLD)

This study examined relations between disabled student services and career development centers (CDCs) at 92 postsecondary institutions offering services to students with learning disabilities (LD). Findings indicated that many students with LD are not accessing CDC services and that career development personnel have limited awareness of and…

Two experiments confirmed the greater effectiveness of constructed-response interactive videodisc instruction when compared to a click-to-continue or passive viewing formats on posttest recall of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) information by 101 college students. The necessity of constructing answers appears to be an important factor…

Study assessed preservice teachers' knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS to develop preservice HIV/AIDS curricular guidelines. A questionnaire examined AIDS symptomatology, transmission, risk behaviors, consequences, prevention, classroom policy, and attitudes. Results provided guidance for developing an HIV/AIDS curriculum for preservice health…

Reports a study of the effect of sensitization on randomly selected Malaysian secondary school students' (n=90) attitudes, commitment, and knowledge toward environmental issues. Findings indicated (1) that students were favorably committed to environmental issues despite a poor grasp of environmental knowledge; and (2) that conceptual knowledge is…

The development of conceptual knowledge about the earth among 60 elementary school students in grades 1, 3, and 5 was studied through questions about its shape. In the process of knowledge acquisition, children appear to modify their initial models to make them more consistent with the culturally accepted model. (SLD)

A study examines the influence of a Sunship Earth education program on fifth and sixth grade students (n=578). Results indicate that students who attended the program increased their ecological knowledge significantly. Participation did not result in more positive environmental attitudes. (17 references) (MCO)

In 3 experiments, a total of 48 native English speaking and 55 English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) college students chose alternatives to replace missing logical connectors in expository passages. Differences in meaning and use of the four connector types and implications for improving ESL programing are discussed. (SLD)

Results of a questionnaire completed by 69 British parents of children with special educational needs who were protected by a formal statement indicated that parents do not always understand the procedures for assessment and "statementing" of their child's needs, and that parents are generally satisfied with their communication with…

Comparison of 21 faculty facilitators at the University of Michigan Medical School, with or without content expertise, during small-group teaching sessions in a medical school microbiology course found that students in groups led by content experts had higher levels of satisfaction and higher examination scores. Significant differences in…

Fifty-three elementary school children were tested on Incidental Science Knowledge, i.e., knowledge acquired by chance outside school, and the results obtained were correlated with intellectual development and cognitive style as measured by interviews and group testing, respectively. Indicates that cognitive style and misconception play a…

A survey of 149 entering first-year medical residents concerning experiences with and knowledge of infection control investigated occurrence and patterns of accidental needle-sticking and reporting, student immunization for Hepatitis B, and instruction in universal precautions. It is concluded that students are at risk for needle-sticking, but…

Examines some effects of culturally based knowledge on memory for stories about people performing common activities. Results with monocultural U.S. college students (n=176) and Mexican citizens (n=57) suggest that any theory of the effects of script-based knowledge on memory must consider the cultural origin of the knowledge. (SLD)

The ability of 59 college students to access prior knowledge spontaneously in the form of a general procedure and a specific strategy was demonstrated using a training for transfer paradigm. Results are discussed in the context of transfer-appropriate processing and transfer-appropriate procedures models of learning and memory. (SLD)