The potential influence of sex-role stereotypes on women medical patients is examined. Evidence suggests physicians tend to attribute symptoms presented by women to psychogenic rather than organic causes, but that women nonetheless receive more medical treatment than men in the form of unnecessary surgery and psychotropic drugs. (Author)

Twenty-eight learned helpless children (ages 9-13) assessed as reading below grade level were randomly assigned to one of four reinforcement and attribution retaining treatments. Indirect and direct attribution retaining increased childrens' reading persistence and their attribution of failure on the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility scale…

Describes a path analytic approach to a model of extramarital sexual permissiveness. Variables include age, gender, education, religiosity, political liberalism, premarital sexual permissiveness, autonomy, marital happiness, and power. (JAC)

Compared attributions of success and failure in achievement tasks of White and Asian American children. Found that Whites took personal credit for success and attributed failure to luck, while Asians attributed success to luck and took personal responsibility for failure. Discussed attributional patterns in terms of socialization. (Author/MK)

Applying attribution theory principles to evaluation of educational programs, the effects of training for social service employees were evaluated by trainees, training instructors, and agency supervisors. Findings confirmed a concept of attribution theory: trainees and instructors tended to have similar responses, while agency supervisor responses…

About 75 percent of those surveyed had cheated in college. Sex, year in school, grade point average, academic major, fraternity-sorority membership, and extracurricular participation were significantly related to cheating. Conclusions supported the importance of traditional explanatory variables and suggested an interpretation based on attribution…

Investigated teacher attribution of the nature of the handicapped child's problem by ED or LD handicap label and strength of expectancy as a function of amount and type of information. Type and valence, rather than just amount of information, appeared to be more influential of attributioning in decision making. (Author/RC)

Examines the conditions under which information regarding competence would mitigate the negative side of rewards on the intrinsic interest of preschool and elementary school children (N=147). (MP)

A group of 469 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology class completed questionnaires before and after each of three examinations given over the course of a semester. The purpose of the study was to analyze students' attributions for their own performance on academic examinations. (MP)

This study examines developmental differences in third and sixth graders' and college students' use of distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency information for making causal attributions. (CM)

Examines listeners' use of acoustic properties in making personal attributions. In three experiments, subjects listened to recordings of male speakers answering two interview questions and rated the speakers on a variety of scales. (CM)

Using an open-ended questionnaire, 236 fifth- and sixth-grade pupils attributed their success or failure on a test given in their classroom to eight different causes. Results indicated that the pupils tended to attribute success mainly to external causes and failure mainly to internal causes. (JMB)

Results provide little support for viewing decentering ability as the major cognitive skill underlying developmental trends on tasks of cognitive perspective taking, peer description, humor understanding, and causal attribution. (Author/BH)

Jones and Nisbett (1972) hypothesize that actors attribute their actions to situational requirements whereas observers attribute the same actions to personal dispositions. This hypothesis is critically examined and a reconceptualization is proposed. (Editor/RK)

This study is a preliminary attempt to examine the nature of statements expressing traits as qualities of actions. It investigates the relative importance of five different variables in determining the trait attribution made to a described act. (Author)