Teen pregnancies and teen sexually transmitted diseases cost society in terms of adding to the tax burden by supporting people who have dropped out of the tax base without a job or education in order to have a baby or repair their health. They also cost because of the loss of human potential of a young life interrupted and cut short with greater…

Two papers examine perceptions about gifted students. In the first, studies related to labeling gifted children are reviewed. The report cites the uncertain nature of the results and the differing opinions about labeling. A brief overview of the evolution of labeling theory as an outgrowth of social deviance theory is also included. The second…

Interpersonal issues such as loneliness, intimacy, conflict, communication, assertion, aggression, and insecurity form the bulk of any clinician's concerns, yet the therapies offered to clients are mainly individual. The study of interpersonal relationships provides a necessary link between the person and the mainly social environment in which he…

The purpose of this study was to identify teachers' expectations of schooling and their causal attributions regarding the academic performance of their students. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire administered to 451 elementary school teachers. Analyses led to the following conclusions: (1) teachers hold high expectations of schooling…

This study examined the effects of victim gender and type of crime on college students' attributions of responsibility to the victim for the crime. Male (N=48) and female (N=48) undergraduates responded to one of four experimental vignettes depicting either a rape or a robbery committed by a male stranger against either a male or female victim.…

With the increased number of women in the work force, sexual harassment is receiving increased attention from the federal government, journalists, researchers, and counselors. To investigate the influence of two contextual variables (status of the initiator and age of the victim) on perceptions of sexual harassment allegations, 123 college…

The base-rate fallacy states that the use of stereotypes is eroded when subjects are given minimal but diagnostic, individuating information about a target. To examine the effect of causal attributions and subject gender on the use of stereotypes in evaluations and predictions, 180 college students (90 males, 90 females) were presented with one of…

Previous research has indicated that locus of control acts to moderate the effects of stressful events. In this study the role of depressive attributions, negative outcome expectancies, and internal locus of control and their interactions with minor negative events in predicting symptoms of psychological distress were examined. Subjects (N=131)…

In a social dilemma situation, a group member who takes defecting choice gains more self-interest than a member who takes cooperating choice. Thus, inequity of members' individual interests would be produced depending on whether a member takes cooperating choice or defecting choice. To study effects of the perceived inequity and attributional…

Children's increasing use of intentions and motives and decreasing use of outcomes to morally evaluate action are perhaps the most researched phenomena in moral cognition. However, relatively little is known about the acquisition of the ability to make moral evaluations and the processes involved. Based on the assumption that children's…

This paper discusses the interaction of cognition and physiological factors in emotion from the viewpoint of a developmental-interactionist theory of motivation and emotion. Emphasis is given to the role of cognition in the theory of emotion. The nature of cognition is discussed in terms of (1) the "primacy" of emotion versus cognition;…

The annotated bibliography examines research regarding achievement attribution and the limited English proficient (LEP) handicapped child. The first major topic area addressed is the application of attribution theory to special populations. Research describing attribution patterns of handicapped children and comparing the patterns to those of…

A self-paced free recall task was employed to assess the effects of motivational and metacognitive influences on active processing and recall. A total of 81 fourth-graders were randomly assigned to one of four instructional conditions: strategy instructions plus process monitoring instructions; strategy instructions only; process monitoring…

Research has demonstrated that a person's attraction to a stranger is influenced by experimental manipulations suggested by general behavior theory. To examine whether a neutral observer, listening to a conversation between two strangers, could be influenced by the manipulation of several learning variables, 80 female undergraduates listened to a…

In order to explore the hypothesis that sex-linked biases in causal attributions, widely shared by female and male perceivers, may derive in part from the perceiver's naive sex-linked expectations regarding the potential impact of causal forces on women's and men's behavior, three experiments were carried out. The first experiment was conducted to…