Lecture given before the Annual Conference and Course on Reading (23d, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., July 10-21, 1967).

This paper presents comments on Ceci and Papierno's article concerning advantaged and disadvantaged youth interventions. The author notes that while the article was more than welcome, the discussion was nevertheless still couched within a seriously culturally biased conceptual framework. Even though most psychologists accept this framework, it…

Free response question (FRQ) #5 in the 2002 Advanced Placement (AP) European history exam read as follows: "In what ways and to what extent did absolutism affect the power and status of the European nobility in the period 1650 to 1750. Use examples from at least 2 countries." This question, which is aimed at encouraging a comparative…

In this article, the authors make use of the findings of the national sociological survey "The Rich and the Poor in Today's Russia," conducted in March 2003 in collaboration with the Russian Federation Office of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. The main sample of the survey (the national Russian representative sample) consisted of 2,118…

Even in early grades, a large gap in skills exists between students from economically advantaged and disadvantaged families. Evidence suggests that a substantial share of this skills gap emerges during the summer months, when school is not in session. Children from disadvantaged families experience greater losses in skills during summer vacations…

The "Closing the Achievement Gap" series explores the Casey Foundation's education investments and presents stories, results, and lessons learned. This publication looks at the various influence activities the Foundation's education program has supported in the past seven years. It also explains the logic behind this diverse set of investments,…

Five experiments (conducted in 1968 on observing responses and vigilance, reward preferences, and learning strategies in concept formation) indicate that socioeconomic level (SEL) has an influence on intellectual and educational functioning of elementary school children. Expectation of reinforcement was tested in experiment 1, using 60…

Children living in the deprived environment of Appalachia were studied to determine if they showed a limited verbal response to stimuli in their environment, and if their emotional characteristics differed from those of advantaged children. An earlier study (1957) of American Indian children living on a reservation provided the stimulus for this…

To study mother-child interaction patterns in culturally disadvantaged and culturally advantaged families, verbal and nonverbal communications were observed, recorded, and analyzed both independently and collectively. Subjects were 10 Head Start children, 10 culturally advantaged children, and the mothers of both groups. Communications were…

The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education and the Canadian Mothercraft Society completed the first year of their 3-year day care demonstration project for advantaged and disadvantaged infants from 3 to 30 months of age. The program was designed to facilitate infants' cognitive, personality, and social development through personalized…

Teachers of the children of very rich parents must be flexible in their standards in dealing with them. The attitude of these children toward school, classmates, and the teacher varies greatly from that of the average student. (JD)

There has been a substantial rise in British education levels in recent decades, and new empirical evidence suggests that less able but wealthier children have benefited most from this expansion, at least during the 1970s and 1980s. There are many potential explanations for this trend. For example, during this period, the UK's highly selective…

Examines potential advantages of Advance Placement (AP) courses for students and schools. Reviews literature on the effects of AP courses on students, AP implications for college admissions, AP implications for college attendance, AP economic implications, and AP program concerns. Concludes that AP program advantages for students, schools, and…

Presents four group experiential activities, primarily for adults and adolescents, focusing on diversity issues. Includes target group, group size, time and space needs, activity level, overview, goals, props, instructions, and suggestions for framing and debriefing the experience. Activities promote perspective taking, honest dialogue between…

Shifts in federal financial aid policies over the past two decades have made college attendance increasingly difficult for the nation's poorest students. Furthermore, once these students do enroll, they lag far behind their more economically advantaged peers in graduation rates. Because financial aid increasingly emphasizes loans over grants, many…