A category system was developed to describe verbal and non-verbal classroom behavior of junior high school science students. The category system contained two major sections: communicative (symbolic) behavior and non-communicative (non-symbolic) behavior. The instrument was used in conjunction with a teacher behavior category system (developed in…

A category system was developed for describing the classroom behavior of earth science teachers. Video tape recordings were made of a random sample of 16 junior high school science teachers in Franklin County, Ohio. Classification of behaviors resulted in four major dimensions: Content Development, Management, Facilitating, and Classroom Climate.…

This paper reports the initial phase of a series of experiments conducted on a large number of videotapes made for the purpose of analyzing public-school classroom interaction. The experiments originally aimed to preduct the most reliable, efficient and economic way of producing transcriptions which are sufficiently representative of the verbal…

The procedures by which children from lower and middle class backgrounds attempt to obtain rewarding outcomes from each other were observed under semicontrolled conditions. Ten male and 9 female dyads, each composed of 1 middle class and 1 lower class preschool child, were required to complete 12 simple block puzzles in which each was given some…

The effects of the type of earth science course (Earth Science Curriculum Project (ESCP) and non-ESCP), the directness or indirectness of teacher-pupil interaction in various teaching activities (I/D ratio), and the teacher's philosophical orientation (T/NT ratio) on various student outcomes such as understanding of science and scientists;…

The Reciprocal Category System (RCS) is an observational system used to record and assess teacher-student classroom verbal interaction. The RCS is composed of nine verbal categories which are applicable to either the student or teacher (and as such are numbered differently, thus producing 18 categories) and one additional category--silence or…

The group discussion literature was examined to determine how fully its principles had incorporated social power principles, and to incorporate relevant power principles into the principles of group discussion. Discussion principles were classified by properties of group members, properties of groups, conditions imposed on groups, interaction…

The paper presents a nontechnical analysis of the philosophical theory of speech acts as a paradigmatic explanation of interpersonal communication. A contrast is drawn between the idea that meaning is "in people" and the speech act theory that meaning is an interpersonal construct. There are nine conditions of interpersonal communication that must…

Reported is a study designed to describe the nature of teacher-pupil-materials interactions occurring in classrooms using Australian Science Education Project (ASEP) materials and to investigate relationships between these interaction patterns, changes in student achievement and attitudes toward science in classes taught by teachers whose…

The specific purposes of this study were to identify new and unique dimensions of teaching and to identify the commonalities of several existing classroom observation systems. The objectives or anticipated outcomes were to: (a) increase interpretation and cross validation of research using different observation systems and more efficient…

This study provides interaction analyses collected by 16 interns, who in groups of four, team-planned and individually taught four public school classes. Together with interaction analyses of a study from the previous semester involving similar micro-unit instruction at the campus laboratory school, these data provide interesting comparisons.…

This program describes an experimental series of six training workshops, directed toward the unique needs of counselors in inner-city schools. The workshops attempted to counteract insularity in current counselor education programs (textbooks and tape recorded interviews) by providing new and more potent methods for counseling disadvantaged…

Attitude changes in those who receive messages can be affected by the conditions of explicitness and effort under which the messages are transmitted. Messages produced under conditions of "publicness" will change more attitudes among receivers than those produced under more private conditions. Likewise, subjects who receive messages under a…

A study on the intellectual consequences of science teaching in the classroom is reported in this dissertation to illustrate the importance of the views of science emerging in instruction and to produce an analytical scheme for detecting students' ability to judge knowledge claims rationally and independently of their teachers. Instrumentalism and…

To measure any element or characteristics of an early childhood education system, the general context of interdependencies must be assessed in order to take into account possible interactions of the characteristics measured with characteristics of the student, teacher, situation, and background. A comprehensive program of individual assessment…