This paper uses oral history and documentary materials to develop a cross-cultural comparison of the experiences of two self-advocates who spent significant parts of their lives in learning difficulty institutions in England and Iceland. Anne Lewthwaite and Eyglo Ebba Hreinsdottir, born in the same era (1948-1950), were linked through the Open…

This paper examines the origins, objectives and structures, funding and cost, programs, learners, and teaching and learning of the radio and television universities in China and the British Open University (BOU). It also discusses the nature and role of each of these entities, including growth and development of higher education and the…

Andhra Pradesh Open University (APOU), the first university in India modeled on the British Open University, provides opportunities for higher education through the use of multimedia systems to supplement correspondence education; offers equality of educational opportunities; allows flexibility with regard to eligibility for enrollment;…

After a brief review of the literature and definition of educational technology, this paper describes the process of mathematics instruction at the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL). It is noted that the unique situation at OUSL and the abstract nature of mathematics make it necessary to modify the system of distance education because it is…

This report begins by briefly reviewing actions that have been taken since the idea of an Open University in Tanzania was first proposed in the late 1970s. The main body of the report begins with a discussion of the role of media technology in an open university with emphasis on delivery and support systems. The current situation in Tanzania is…

In today's usage the distinction between open and distance education is often blurred. Indeed, open education and open learning are not synonymous with distance education and distance learning, a fact that is readily discernible by examining the characteristics of each. Teaching and learning in distance education are based on two elements: a…

This survey of economics graduates at the FernUniversitat found that relatively few students who enroll in the program pass the final exam. Full-time students have better graduation rates than part-time students, although the FernUniversitat considers the latter as its main target group. Full-time students on the average require the same number of…

A case study of the unique City University of New York Bernard Baruch College is presented. The school is unique because for 130 years it charged no tuition to most of its students (and even today is cost-free to many) and because its programs have so closely matched the needs of the city of which it is a part. A description is provided of how the…

An investigation was conducted to describe the context of distance learning by examining the factors to which first-year distance learners attribute their success and failure and the influences on those attributions. It tested the attribution theory of achievement motivation in a distance learning setting. The method was a qualitative case study:…

Essentially concerned with distance education as innovation in higher education, this paper identifies specific aspects of this innovation through references to three Canadian institutions offering university level courses for credit. It is primarily concerned with Athabasca University in Alberta, a distance education university which originally…

This brief description of a visit to the Dutch Open University (Netherlands) begins by noting that, although the university had been established only the previous spring, it already had over 20,000 students. It then outlines the activities undertaken by the three main operational divisions of the university, i.e., course development, education,…

Based in part on the experience of the British Open University, this brief essay on the use of videodisc technology in the schools begins by describing the features of videodiscs and discussing potential uses of this technology at the elementary and secondary education levels. It is suggested that the availability of good interactive video…

Focusing primarily on educational television, the use of various media in open universities and distance education settings is examined in order to determine whether particular conditions must be met for the successful use of the particular medium or media in collaborative projects. It is noted that there is no logical, step-by-step procedure for…

Patterns of distance education in Nigeria are surveyed in this report, and the level of application of educational technology to enhance learning is addressed. Following an analysis of the concept of distance education and the need for such a system in Nigeria, three patterns of distance education are identified and discussed: those depending…

Social implications of distance education at the university level are considered, based primarily on the case of La Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) of Costa Rica. UNED, which is Costa Rica's attempt to implement Great Britain's open university philosophy of education, was developed in response to the following needs: to provide…