ERIC Number: EJ1481634
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 17
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: N/A
EISSN: EISSN-2374-1473
Available Date: 0000-00-00
Cue the Paralinguistics: A Qualitative Case Study of Teacher Social Presence
Molly R. Bowden; Julie A. Moore
Journal of Online Learning Research, v11 n2 p169-185 2025
The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand teachers' rationale and practices as they establish social presence in a 100% online learning environment in a high school setting, with a specific emphasis on paralinguistic cues and symbols, such as emojis, emoticons, and Bitmoji. This case study focused on the meaning and understanding of teacher social presence in the virtual setting, utilizing a variety of data collection methods. In-depth interviews were conducted, followed by digital document collection and a focus group interview; transcripts of both interviews and the focus group were analyzed to establish the specific practices teachers use to establish social presence as well as their rationales. Specific emphasis was placed on paralinguistic cues and their role in establishing social presence. Findings supported previous research on social presence strategies with few exceptions. Online educators rely on strategies that humanize their virtual interactions with special consideration for tone in written communication, particularly considering the age of high school students. Paralinguistic cues were widely used, with Bitmojis used universally by all participants as a visual extension of their physical selves in computer-mediated communication.
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Cues, Visual Aids, High School Teachers, High School Students, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Paralinguistics, Computer Mediated Communication, Online Courses, Public Schools, Barriers
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. P.O. Box 719, Waynesville, NC 28786. Tel: 828-246-9558; Fax: 828-246-9557; e-mail: info@aace.org; Web site: https://www.aace.org/pubs/jolr/
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools; Secondary Education
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: N/A

Peer reviewed
