Reported relationships between individual characteristics and group performance have been weak, but Davis (1969) and Johnson (1970) found that a subject's stated preference for working alone or in a group was associated with differences in group performance. In the present study, preference for group or solo participation was examined in relation…

The paper relates the development of childhood behavior problems to a developmental theory of the acquisition of psycho-social skills in children. The influence of Eric Erikson (1950) on the ideas expressed is acknowledged. It is stated that each of the major types of behavior problems (withdrawal, impulsivity, dependence) results from a major…

An analysis of a dictionary definition of "aptitude" could clear up several prevalent misunderstandings of the concept. Nothing inherent in the concept assumes that aptitudes are hereditary; aptitude is the result of the interaction of heredity and environment. "Apritude" has a broad definition; it includes intelligence, achievement, personality,…

This project investigated the relationship of classroom behavior to students' personality traits, students' perceptions of teachers' traits, teachers' self-described traits, and the discrepancies between students' preferences for teacher traits and their observation of them. Teachers were graduate assistants conducting discussion sections in…

This study compared interest, personality, and ability scores of vocationally undecided students who, after counseling, either selected a major or remained undecided. No significant differences were found between undecided and decided females. Vocationally undecided and decided males differed significantly on six Strong Vocational Interest Blank…

Research has indicated that there is no teaching method superior to others in promoting reading skills, improving attitudes, or creating interests, and that different types of children evidence varying responses to different methods. Studies such as those of Jung and Myer regarding personality and learning styles provide clues that are useful in…

THE NATURE OF THE INTERACTING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTITUTIONS THEY ATTEND WAS EXPLORED. STUDENT PERSONALITY WAS MEASURED FOR SAMPLES FROM 55 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES BY THE ACTIVITIES INDEX, AN INSTRUMENT DESIGNED TO MEASURE PERSONALITY NEEDS. PRESS,…

Stereotyped views of active masculinity and passive femininity have recently come under increasingly critical scrutiny. From the abstract to the practical, the authors see a growth of efforts toward equality of social opportunity regardless of biological differences. The central thesis of the paper is that women are repeatedly subject to…

This volume is a compilation of annotated references to social science measures and is designed to facilitate the search for and retrieval of appropriate measurement information in several fields of interest. The volume should be particularly useful to researchers as well as teachers and students in psychology, sociology, social work, psychiatry,…

Responses of four people to the book "Future Shock" are analyzed in relation to Erik Erikson's theory of personality. Results were interpreted as support for Erickson's theory and as illustration of how people interpret written language in terms of their own situations and life histories. In general, adults applied more detached and…

College students (N=18) participated in a 24-hour marathon gestalt workshop and responded to the Eysenck Personality Inventory before and after the event. Results revealed a significant positive change at the .01 level on a measure of neuroticism-stability and no change on a measure of extroversion-introversion. (Author)

This study tested Cromwell and Dokecki's theory (1968) that excessive response by schizophrenics to strong aspects of meaning of words and deficient response to weak aspects of meaning reflect an inability to disattend from strong aspects of meaning. (Author/RK)

Empirical research shows good managers are motivated by a need for power, tempered by maturity and self-control. Workshops can help a manager discover whether he has the correct motivation profile and can help him become a better manager. (JG)

The Prestatic Motivation Test was positively related to persistence and to performance in academic examinations. The relationship held when the measure was used alone and when it was combined with the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire as a measure of resultant motivation. (Author/BJG)

A nonindoctrinating, sound theoretical and practical base upon which to develop the teaching of moral education relies on several principles: discussion of moral conflict situations; knowledge of the student's stage of moral development; guidance of developmental matches; encouragement of role taking; and focus on rational thinking. (JMF)