The results of this research indicated that whether pictures adversely affect learning to read or not depends on the relationship between the picture and the printed word, a direct equivalence being the least favorable. (Editor/RK)

Examines an alternation effect and a repetition effect in a two-choice reaction time task. Two further experiments examine the roles of subjective expectancy and an automatic facilitation in determining these effects. (Editor/RK)

The physical fitness of public school children in the coterminous United States has shown little or no improvement in the past ten years, in contrast to the significant gains in almost all areas between 1958 and 1965. (MB)

This research attempted to reconcile previous results in the area of humor and aggression. It was hypothesized that humor serves two functions, arousal and attentional shift, with regard to its influence on the relation of prior anger arousal and aggression. (Editor/RK)

Describes a project that enables students to emulate a scientist in the classroom setting through collaboration on research projects, use of research literature, and communication with scientific peers. Student groups focus on investigations of the cellular and molecular aspects of a disease. (DDR)

Describes an activity in which students analyze data from the Olympics. Discusses assessment of the activity and provides sample assessment form. (MKR)

Generalizations of L. A. Goodman's RC(M) association model (1991 and earlier) are presented for three-way tables. These three-mode association models use L. R. Tucker's three-mode components model (1964, 1966) to represent the three-factor interaction or the combined effects of two- and three-factor interactions. (SLD)

Extends connections between retrospective citation age studies and reliability theory by considering the failure rate function from reliability, re-interpreted as the age-specific citation rate (ASCR). This is linked to earlier studies of retrospective citation distributions by Egghe and Ravichandra Rao who introduced a function claimed to…

Reviews findings related to policy debates over school finance, accountability, and choice. Demonstrates that techniques and datasets (census, city, state, national, experimental) have different advantages and disadvantages for addressing specific research questions and that analyses using different approaches can result in different estimates.…

A computer program has been developed that analyzes data from interview transcripts, field notes, and other sources without a priori frameworks or the tedious categorizing of passages. The program finds repetitive association of words or ideas that characterize a verbal response corpus. An example of the program's use is given. (SLD)

Presents use of the effect size as a descriptive statistic for single-subject research. Discusses the way in which effect sizes augment interpretation of results, and reviews four types of treatment effects with case studies. An appendix includes a sample computer program for computing effect sizes. (SLD)

This special issue is devoted to current developments in multidimensional item response theory (MIRT). The six papers included in this issue (and two for the March issue) present applications of MIRT to practical testing problems and demonstrate innovative MIRT techniques for assessment. (SLD)

Describes using children's and adults' natural curiosity when it comes to bubbles as a perfect vehicle for investigating geometry, data analysis, and measurement. (KHR)

Describes a mathematical game using a bingo format that allows students to explore the concepts of sample space, data interpretation, randomness, and theoretical probability while practicing addition skills. (YDS)

Uses a Data Envelopment Analysis based approach to decompose pupil underattainment into that attributable to the school the pupil attends and that attributable to the pupil. Approach measures pupil attainment in terms of value added. Results suggest that at current levels of school effectiveness, a pupil's own application accounts for the major…