This experiment investigated the effects of an aggressive habit and emtional arousal, measured by heart rate, blood pressure, and self-report, on two types of attitude change. Psychological arousal was positively related to degree of influence by the reflaxation communication. (DB)

The counselor has a responsibility to determine, through initial interviewing, whether a need exists for therapeutic intervention with an anxious or depressed client. (Author/CJ)

The influence of the family on the personality development of pre-adolescent youth is discussed. (CK)

Examined the relationship between personality and psychopathology using the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI) (N=100). Results showed significant differences among groups, which indicates that the personality groups as defined by the MPI in a normal population perform as would be predicted from work with pathological groups. (JAC)

Tested for a link between Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale scores and personality style by comparing WAIS scores with Rorschach Experience Balance scores in two studies using 47 children and 188 psychiatric patients. Statistical analyses showed no significant relationships, indicating lack of a common factor underlying the measures. (WAS)

Ninety-eight children identified as shy, based on their self-perceptions and specific criteria related to shyness, were administered a self-esteem inventory and self-report measures of shyness. A significant correlation between shyness and self-esteem scores indicated that shyness is related to low self-esteem. (Author/CM)

Examined the utility of the aggregation method as a measure of behavioral consistency in 26 studies involving computer-generated, repeated-measurement data. Concluded that aggregation produces spuriously high estimates of behavioral consistency. The Spearman-Brown prophecy formula and coefficient alpha accurately predict the results of the…

Investigated the usefulness of Arnold's Signs in examining marital discord among married couples (N=72) who were parents of children brought to a mental health facility seeking marital counseling, or in the process of divorce. Results revealed that the counseling group was consistently higher on all signs that reached significance. (Author/JAC)

Found a significant positive correlation between wives' (but not husbands') neuroticism scores and the degree to which the couple is apart on Lanyon's extraversion-introversion scale. Further correlations suggest fewer intimate communications and agreements between highly diverging couples. Theorized that this constellation of factors leads to…

A study attempted to identify a typology of leisure activities based on the interests of college students and to determine the degree of relationship between personality needs and the identified leisure typology. Findings suggest that a general pattern of leisure interests does exist for a specified population. (Author/JN)

Two studies examined the effects of dispositional self-consciousness on reactance. Men who were high in private self-consciousness displayed greater reactance responses to a coercive communication attempt. Women high in private self-consciousness exhibited greater reactance responses to a self-imposed threat to their freedom of choice. (Author)

Investigated the empirical derivation of clinically and theoretically meaningful subtypes among males arrested for driving while intoxicated. Five subtypes were defined through cluster analysis of driving--attitudinal, personality, and hostility measures. Two subtypes were found to have particularly high levels of risk-enhancing traits. (Author)