Discusses decision problems relating to developmental goals. It is argued that developmental planning and intervention should be based on scientifically founded programmatic models of human development. (MS)

It was hypothesized that a pathological liar might be characterized by a construct system atypically loose over a wide range of conventional, socially relevant constructs. Evidence consistent with this hypothesis was obtained from the Thought Disorder Grid (TDG) and by a marked response bias on the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). (Author)

A study involving 152 children (ages 7-13) with learning disabilities assessed the relationships between age and psychosocial functioning, and the relationships among psychosocial functioning, cognitive abilities, and academic achievement. Results found no increase in psychopathology with advancing age and clear relationships between academic…

Presents and evaluates the developmentally based taxonomy reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders category of conduct disorder (CD). Focuses on subtypes of CD; pathways to CD; individual factors influencing development, such as age, gender, intellectual performance, neuropsychological difficulties, and temperament;…

Two samples of normal-range individuals (n=237) completed the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire, each assessing traits relevant to personality disorder. Convergence between the instruments and results support a replicable structure of maladaptive…

Research has shown that attributional styles are affected by the attributor's culture, inferential goals, and level of cognitive processing. This study compares the attributions made in sports articles and editorials of newspapers published in Hong Kong and the United States. Implications for the mixed model of social inference are discussed. (LSR)

Research indicates effortful performances are reduced when participants cannot be evaluated. Hypothesized mood interacts with goals to attenuate such reduction in performance. As predicted, when participants' tried to do as much as they could, those in negative moods put forth more effort and persisted longer than those in positive moods,…

This paper critically reviews the concept of multipotentiality as it is applied in the literature on gifted children. Findings from a study of 1,000 gifted students are cited; above-level assessment of abilities and preferences revealed markedly differentiated profiles for 95% of students studied, suggesting that the term…

The usefulness of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) was examined for 162 delinquent boys in a state training school who were compared with 805 nondelinquent male adolescents and the original MMPI sample of 7,783 male adolescents. The most useful scales are discussed. (SLD)

Study tested the hypothesis that the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship mediates the association between difficult temperament and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. Results suggest that alcohol abuse prevention and treatment programs should consider the role of basic temperamental characteristics in pathological drinking, and the…

Explored relationship between personality and exercise over the life span using young adult personality characteristics to predict current exercise behavior in late middle-aged college graduates (N=156). Found personality variables improved classification accuracy in discriminant analysis, and especially improved identification of frequent…

Using Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, authors studied 213 industrial education students in 22 secondary schools in Nebraska to ascertain whether the inventory placed students proportionately into same categories as Myers-Briggs normative group--defined by Keirsey. Large numbers of Sensory Thinker (ST) type found in 60 percent of classes. STs aimed…

The Minnoka Schools (Illinois) use the Murphy-Meisgeier Children Type Indicator (designed to identify personality types in children) to help instruct youngsters more effectively. Identifying a child's psychological type can aid understanding of how he or she focuses attention, absorbs information, makes decisions, and deals with the world. (MLH)

Examines conflict between supervisors and "difficult" subordinates. Reports four patterns of difficult subordinate behavior: apparent compliance, relational leverage, alibis, and avoidance. Suggests that these behaviors differ markedly from those assumed by most models of conflict resolution. (MM)

Evaluated medical and psychological data collected over 36 years on 280 men to identify personality characteristics and attitudes possibly predictive of development of coronary heart disorder (CHD). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Hostility scores did not predict CHD, nor did 35-item scale derived from MMPI items judged to…