When comparisons of average test score results or grade level equivalents are made in terms of Negro and white students by standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA), non-SMSA, and within regions, white students in every region, regardless whether metropolitan or nonmetropolitan, have higher average scores in every type of test at every grade…

The purpose of this booklet is to assist the reader in understanding and utilizing the local district and local school reports provided by the Michigan Educational Assessment Program for the testing period January 1973. This document accompanies the data sheets and norm tables provided to each district and is intended to facilitate their use. This…

This volume on civic and social education in the member countries of the Council of Europe is one of a series of curriculum studies prepared under the auspices of the Oxford Council of Europe Study for the Evaluation of the Curriculum and Examinations (OCESCE Study). The aim of this series of studies is to help create conditions in which the right…

Organizational literature has long acknowledged the contextual relationship of specialization, referent group orientation, and vertical mobility as important sociological variables. In this article, the structural implications of a transformation in the educational vertical mobility concept due to alterations in functional specialization and…

The study attempts to: (1) inventory the characteristics of all current full time post-high school vocational teachers in Wisconsin, and (2) learn something about the labor market mechanisms of the post-high school vocational teacher labor market. The population to be studied consisted of approximately 1,550 full-time teachers and administrators.…

The question addressed in this paper is to what extent does the use of measurement indicators based on differing, even contradictory, epistemic assumptions affect the acceptability of the empirical conclusions. The approach used monotonic transformations of empirically obtained measures of occupational and educational status to investigate the…

This report concerning the policy and planning of education in France is a description of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the development of education in an endeavor to show how each aspect influences the other. Book I of the report recalls the importance of the educational explosion of the last fifteen years and examines the budgetary…

Presents a study which examined differences between and within schools in the allocation of opportunities for learning to determine whether they influence academic achievement of individual students. Results show few between-school effects but important within-school influences. Includes ten charts. (Author/AEM)

Reviews the year's most decisive school developments as they relate to the publication "A Nation at Risk" and examines areas largely untouched by recent reforms. Includes a chart comparing all 50 states in 15 education-related categories and reports on some recent reforms that could become trends. (IW)

Using data from the U.S. Decennial Census and the National Longitudinal Surveys, we find little evidence of differences in the return to schooling across racial and ethnic groups, even with attempts to control for ability and measurement error biases. While our point estimates are relatively similar across racial and ethnic groups, our conclusion…

Although earnings generally increased in rural areas in the 1990s, Hispanic population growth led to lower wages for at least one segment of the rural population--workers with a high school degree (skilled workers), particularly men in this skill group. Using data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Current Population Survey, this report…

A study examined evidence of any labor market payoff for school dropouts and if they acquire cognitive skills, and studied whether the payoff differs by gender and race/ethnicity. It analyzed data containing information on the universe of school dropouts in New York and Florida who took the General Educational Development (GED) exams between…

Human capital investment theory is used to determine why teachers in Texas are leaving the profession despite growing demand for their services. Data for 1978-79 show that an average White male high school graduate could expect to earn more than a teacher holding a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree. (PP)

In rural Guatemala, long-standing ethnic differences in economic well-being widened during 1988-95 despite rapid national economic growth. Analysis of data from three national surveys found that returns to education were substantially lower for rural indigenous households, especially those where the head of household did not speak Spanish.…

Evaluates changes in social background, resource constraints, and labor market incentives as possible explanations for differences in the educational expectations between black, and white high school students during 1980-92. Maintains that a consideration of relative direct costs and improvement of social background is necessary to explain these…