The purpose of this true experimental, posttest-only control-group design was to determine if the color coding of exterior letters affects the fluency and decoding ability among fourth grade students who were below grade level in reading. If color coding exterior letters is an effective intervention, then struggling readers could utilize this…

Radical awareness (i.e. the ability to identify, analyze, and manipulate radicals within compound characters) plays an important role in character reading and learning for first language and second language (L2) learners of Chinese. Previous studies have shown that radical awareness contributes to character recognition, inference, and…

In Botswana, Special Needs Education has been implemented for 25 years with some success but there is still a need for evidence-based methods like Frequency Building, behavioural fluency, and Precision Teaching to be used to measure and improve school performance and learning. We explored the impact of these behavioural technologies on reading…

Early childhood care and education (ECCE) programs are an important mechanism for supporting foundational skill development and successful progression through later schooling. School readiness assessments that serve as reliable indicators of children's later educational outcomes are most useful for education systems, but little is known about how…

The relationships between phonological awareness, rapid naming, short term verbal memory, letter knowledge, visual skills and word reading in kindergarten, and the predictive patterns from kindergarten to first grade were examined in 41 Chinese-Dutch bilingual children living in the Netherlands in both their first language (Chinese) and second…

The present study set out to explore Iranian EFL learners' Reading Comprehension Problems (RCPs) and the tentative solutions for such problems from learners' perspectives. The participants included 20 female EFL learners within the age range of 18 to 28 studying at the intermediate level of language proficiency at Safir language institute in…

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and hyperlexia (HPL) have both advanced word reading skills and a reading comprehension disorder, alongside impaired oral language. We developed a unique, parent-supported, tablet-based intervention aiming to improve oral and reading comprehension at the word-, phrase- and sentence-level, for…

Polysemy, or the property of words having multiple meanings, is a prevalent feature of vocabulary. In this study we validated a new measure of polysemy knowledge for children with English as an additional language (EAL) and a first language (EL1) and examined the relationship between polysemy knowledge and age, language status, and reading…

This systematic review article summarizes the effects of explicit text structure instruction on expository text comprehension for adolescents with learning disabilities or at risk for reading failure. A thorough literature search with four databases and backward citation search identified nine studies published in the past 22 years for inclusion…

Reading development involves several changes in orthographic processing. A key question is, "how does the coding of letters develops in children learning to read?" Masked priming effects of transposition and substitution primes have been taken to index the importance of letter position and identity coding. Somewhat contradicting results…

Due to the tumultuous COVID-19 pandemic, the use of advanced technology in language education is currently on the rise, with English education being no exception. Simultaneously, the advancement and expansion of technology provide English as a foreign language students with multiple channels and opportunities to reinforce the four skills of…

This research aimed to study the theories and principles for improving Chinese reading and writing skills based on second language acquisition theory and investigated the factors affecting Chinese major students' reading and writing skills for university students in northeast of Thailand. The sample groups were 386 Chinese language major students…

Clinicians, teachers, and researchers have long suspected that there may be some kind of association between poor reading and emotional health. However, for many years, studies of this association were generally sporadic and poor in quality. This article outlines how -- over the last 5 years or so -- national and international associates of the…

Semaumaq means "return home" in the Paiwanese language. This article explored and described the efficacy and journey of a research team in facilitating culturally appropriate family dyadic interactions in a Paiwanese community in Taiwan using a shared book-reading program. This program was implemented in a rural…

Adolescents face complex texts rich in academic language. Existing research has documented how teachers can design curriculum to scaffold students' comprehension of complex texts, but little work has documented the moments of adolescents' encounters with complex texts, and how teachers can scaffold these encounters on a moment-to-moment basis to…