A four-year study found that, between internships and the end of residencies at the Oregon Health Sciences University, physicians' attitudes about their careers and residency experiences improved significantly, suggesting that, although internships may be dysphoric, normalization of emotional states and attitudes occurs during residency.…

A symposium was designed in 1987 to demonstrate to health-care providers at 3 hospitals in the Bronx, New York, the low risk of occupational HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection and techniques for avoiding infection. Twenty-nine of 100 responders reported that the symposium had increased their concerns regarding their risk. (Author/MLW)

The accuracy with which expert systems (ESs) score a new nonmultiple-choice free-response test item was investigated, using 734 high school students who were administered an advanced-placement computer science examination. ESs produced scores for 82 percent to 95 percent of the responses and displayed high agreement with a human reader on the…

Examines relationship between parents' perceived responsibility for supporting children's social skills and competence at promoting those skills; relationship between parents' perceived responsibility and competence and children's perceived and actual competence; consistency between teachers' and parents' ratings of children's competence and…

Responds to two opening articles by Parham ("Cycles of Psychological Nigrescence") and Helms ("Considering Some Methodological Issues in Racial Identity Counseling Research"). Argues that Black or African identity is not a developmental reaction to social oppression, but is a core personality trait, essential to healthy…

A survey of 388 Indiana secondary vocational educators concerned vocational education programs and practices for handicapped learners. Among the results, it was found that 38 percent of educators had not received special training for instructing handicapped learners, and primary modifications made for handicapped learners entailed extra assistance…

Examines second-grade teachers' responses to students' answers in the questioning phase of reading lessons. Identifies eight response types: the null rejoinder; explicit evaluation; repetition of student's response; elaboration; and combinations of the last three types. Finds negligible differences among teachers' responses to readers of varying…

Describes a study of undergraduates that compared the effects of response-certitude adaptive and nonadaptive feedback in a computer-based lesson of verbal information and defined concept tasks. Effects on student performance, feedback-study time, and lesson efficiency are discussed, and implications for future research are suggested. (LRW)

Concepts of adaptive testing and the related measurement model, item response theory, are introduced and benefits and limitations are outlined. Field tests with over 2,500 students illustrate the use of adaptive tests in college placement. Some future directions for computerized adaptive testing are considered. (SLD)

Women students ages 35-55 wrote about their experiences in formal education, focusing on being exposed, being different, mother's expectations, being chosen, being included, and understanding the rules. Analysis indicated the centrality of relationships in construction of self-concept as learners and the persistence of these beliefs into…

The articles in this special issue take a "uses and gratifications" approach that emphasizes that people make choices about the media they choose and that they differ in their interpretations of media content. The articles integrate this approach with developmental perspectives on adolescence. (SLD)

Presents a selective review of the research and theory on the experience, expression, and communication of emotion. Suggests that the research is affected by cultural context and cultural differences. Maintains that contradictions can be resolved by considering the intrapersonal, interpersonal, social, and intergroup aspects of emotions. (CFR)

Policy implications of studies of teachers' responses to features of work redesign are discussed as they relate to career choice decisions, the teacher labor market, and teacher supply in specific areas. The focus is on high-quality teachers, since the aim of work redesign is to attract and retain the best. (SLD)

Ninth-grade students in Norway responded to a questionnaire concerning aspects of their teacher's murder. Female students reported talking more with their friends and family about the incident and had higher stress reactions than males. Males did not seem as willing to confront the trauma and pain, suggesting gender differences in the ability to…

Reports on a study of how seven fifth-grade teachers organized their social studies curriculum following the adoption of a new textbook. Finds that teaching styles were more varied than might be expected given the similarity of materials. Discusses three observed teaching styles. (CFR)