Describes two experiments conducted to explain why retarded children of younger mental age appear to be more selective on discrimination tasks containing relevant redundant cues than do children of older mental age. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the latter group of children are overselective because they tend to solve…

Reports on research which indicates that much of the meaning of transcendental meditation (TM) is constructed from preexisting understandings and expectations. Various influences for the impact of TM are suggested including the language, rules, and world view of the social environment. (RC)

An analysis of the loss reactions of college students (N=1,139) was made over a two-year period. Variability in choice of coping mechanism, type of loss, and physical and emotional reactions was shown. Suggests social support systems and communication about the loss were important forces in resolution and grief work. (Author)

Develops a model of negotiation rule use that incorporates both content and relational dimensions and focuses upon interaction as the dependent variable. Assesses how winners and losers in mock negotiations differ in their use of communication rules. (PD)

Norman Williams' moral development theory was tested with students, ages 7, l0, l2, and l5, in Durham, England. Tentative support resulted for his classification scheme and conclusion that moral development is cumulative in nature and that it occurs within four parallel modes: expedient, altruistic, intuitive, and heteronomous. (SJL)

Discusses the emotional turmoil experienced by a child of divorce and the role of the teacher in providing the child with stability and understanding. (Author/DB)

Discusses emotional difficulties of young children regarding experience in hospitals and presents ways to prevent such problems from occurring. (DB)

Teachers' verbal behaviors following oral-reading errors of primary-grade children were contrasted for high- and low-ability readers. Teachers were more likely to interrupt poor readers who erred than good readers. The types of interruptions also differed as a function of reading ability level. (Author/GDC)

The author examines seven myths, such as: divorce is preferable to an unhappy home; children anticipate divorce; turmoil ends with separation; and divorce damages children. She concludes that divorce initiates a prolonged and often difficult transition for children, which may benefit or harm them depending on how parents handle it. (SJL)

A questionnaire was distributed to faculty members to determine which of the four basic language skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) were most essential to nonnative speaker success in university classes. The receptive skills of reading and listening were ranked first. Implications for teaching and curriculum development are given.…

Explored behaviors of students at various times during an examination to examine the relationship between test anxiety and test performance. Results indicated that low test anxious students differed significantly on all eight dependent variables with the level of test anxiety having a significant effect. (Author)

Data from six U.S. national surveys compared the estimated contributions to global happiness and marital happiness and satisfaction with each of seven aspects of life, ranging from work to friendships. Findings indicated that Americans depend very heavily on their marriages for their psychological well-being. (Author)

Clarifies misconceptions about the Ann Arbor, Michigan court decision on the teaching of students with Black dialects. Explores the impact of teacher attitudes toward substandard English on teaching students with Black dialects and lists ERIC sources for increasing knowledge and sensitivity to differing dialects. (HTH)

Schema theory, an area of educational research within perceptual learning theory, is divided into five major subtopics: (1) explanation, development, and background; (2) theoretical approaches; (3) pattern classification; (4) pattern quantification; and (5) quantified pattern feature approach (which attempts to combine classification and…

Two experiments using undergraduates confirmed the hypothesis that external statements in the Rotter Internal External Locus of Control Scale are more depressing in tone than internal statements. Thus, depressed subjects may respond to external items due to item mood level rather than locus of control. (Author/JKS)