Determines the relationship of sex, answer-changing incidence, and total score to net changes in total score resulting from changing answers, by examining the answer-changing behavior of graduate students responding to achievement test items. (Author/RC)

Sociology students were administered two Thurstone-type attitude scales under two conditions (with or without a "cannot decide" option), and a measure of ambiguity tolerance. The "cannot decide" option was used by a slight majority of students when available, but usage was not related to ambiguity tolerance. (Author/JKS)

Seven autistic, seven Down's syndrome, and seven normal children of approximately the same mental age were trained on a single dimension, simultaneous match-to match problem. The results suggest that Down's syndrome, and not autistic children suffer from additional deficits. (Author/KC)

Discusses the use of the Interactive Computer-based Testing (ICBT) in university-level science courses as an effective and economical educational tool. The authors discuss: (1) major objectives to ICBT; (2) advantages and pitfalls of the student use of ICBT; and (3) future prospects of ICBT. (HM)

Weiner examines Sohn's previous article on attribution and affective reactions. Both researchers' data suggest that emotions in addition to pride and shame are experienced in achievement settings, and that these affects are not necessarily augmented by effort ascriptions. (Author/GDC)

Supervisors can help their teachers resolve classroom communication conflicts by providing an objective framework for analysis of communication failures. An observational system is described for detection of student teacher communication breakdown, analysis of the conflict resulting from inappropriately decoded messages, and correction of the…

A phenomenon called "pragmatic variation" is discussed as a child's individual system of behavior in response to a question the child doesn't understand but realizes that he must verbalize an answer to. (NCR)

As predicted, subjects scored higher on subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children which they had rated positively than on those which they had rated negatively. This positive reinforcement value effect supports the purposeful human image advanced by logical learning theory. No racial or social class differences were seen. (Author/CP)

Literature relevant to working with mentally retarded children and their families is summarized. The major emphasis is on the relationship of fathers and their mentally retarded children. The authors suggest fathers should be more involved with their MR child and this can be achieved through education, counseling, and various programs. (Author)

Teachers presented four behavioral combinations--(1) verbally and nonverbally positive; (2) verbally positive and nonverbally negative; (3) verbally negative and nonverbally positive; or (4) verbally and nonverbally negative--to sixth grade students. Negative nonverbal behavior led to significantly greater performance. Teacher gender and student…

A program to remediate echolalia in response to questions was administered to a 4-year-old boy enrolled in a preschool class for language-delayed children. (Author/PHR)

Two age groups of normal, autistic and sub-normal children were tested for their ability to recognize the faces of peers from isolated facial features and inverted photographs. (CM)

This article discusses the importance of emotions in human life and how emotions can be brought under rational assessment and evaluated in relation to worthwhile educational goals. (JD)