The American system of grading is criticized by a British educator as heavily goal- and test-oriented. Problems arising from use of grade contracts at a large state university for students studying in England are discussed, including student expectations and study habits, differing assessment methods and criteria, and exploitation of faculty. (MSE)

If you've ever questioned the logic of reducing a student's entire academic performance to a single test score or a vague letter grade, then here's a book that will revolutionize the way you think about assessment and grading. Drawing from years of in-depth research, Robert J. Marzano provides you with guidelines and steps for designing a…

This study was conducted at College of the Canyons (COC), California, in spring 2002 by the Office of Institutional Development and Technology, along with Communications Studies instructor Victoria Leonard. Eighty-three class sections were surveyed to determine the degree to which students agreed or disagreed that their course syllabus clearly…

This collection is intended to help teachers encourage active learning by involving students in classroom learning and to encourage teachers to cultivate critical thinking through thought-provoking questions. The readings include: (1) "The Dreaded Discussion: Ten Ways To Start" (Peter Frederick); (2) "Classroom Structures Which Encourage Student…

This book is designed to help educators consider how assessment relates to instruction and recognize how assessment affects student learning. It intends to encourage teachers to establish a climate in which students can safely seek and use assessment information. A basic assumption is that learning occurs best in a positive setting, one that…

The reasons teachers give for their assessment and grading practices and the factors that influence these practices were studied. Of 200 elementary and secondary mathematics and English teachers who volunteered to participate, researchers selected 60 teachers as representing maximum variation and then interviewed 24. Interview transcripts were…

This ethnographic case study investigated the challenges of six elementary teachers who attempted to embrace, comprehend, and apply elements of cooperative learning. The study examined solutions that teachers found effective in dealing with problems they encountered when using cooperative learning. Over the course of 1 year, researchers collected…

This paper is designed to provide Iowa educators with information on reporting results of assessments of students with disabilities, including grading, diplomas, and transcripts. A question-and-answer format addresses: (1) indication of the provision of reasonable accommodations on students' report cards; (2) honor rolls; (3) pass/fail grading…

The development of a national, standardized federal drug law examination is described, including its purpose, content, reliability, overall performance, and scoring method. Candidate performance for 3 years is reported, with variance by state, school, etc. (Author/MSE)

The role of evaluation in improving academic performance is explored. A theoretical development of formative evaluation in higher education and a critique of higher education in the light of that theory is presented. Grading, feedforward, feedback, course length, and cumulative assessment are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Results of a survey of colleges offering innovative programs for college credit include information on the types of instruction and credit offered and evaluation of problems and solutions found in program administration. Among these issues are finance, determination of appropriate credit, scheduling, transcripts, catalog descriptions, and…

Term papers written by 42 students in two subjects were assessed by their classmates and by lecturers in the relevant subjects. No difference occurred between lecturers and students in average marks, variations in marks, agreement in marks (reliability), or relationship between marks and performance in final examinations (validity). (Author/MSE)

Because evaluation is an integral part of instruction, teachers should formulate specific behavioral objectives for the learner to attain. Evaluation of the final outcome usually results in a grade depicting the total achievement of the student over a specified period of time. (JN)

Standard graphic, behaviorally-anchored, and mixed standard scales were used to investigate the relationships among scale types, instructor leniency, and ratings of college instructors by college students. (JKS)

Describes how, in one Texas fifth-grade classroom, Shared Inquiry book discussions were taught and implemented over a six-month period in connection with the Junior Great Book Series. Discusses solutions to the dilemma of grading these active class discussions, and reports that scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS) tests were…