This mixed-method study examines the relationship between classroom discussion and student performance in twenty 3rd and 4th grade classrooms in northern California with 50% English language learners (ELLs). Discussions were scored on features including use of multiple approaches for solving problems, students' opportunities to speak, equitable…

The present study investigates the relationship between productive collocation knowledge and advanced levels on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) scale. More precisely, the potential progression between the B2 and C1 levels of the CEFR is studied through the development of a productive collocation test in second…

At the implementation level of the national project "Teaching and Learning Foreign Language in the Public-Sector Educational System for the 2008-2020 Period," the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) provided large-scale general English proficiency training for key English teachers and classroom English training for a…

The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to the investigate the overall effectiveness of L2 vocabulary instruction and to find the moderator variables affecting its effectiveness. By defining a rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total number of 16 primary studies (N = 1008), 7 published and 9 Ph.D. dissertations, were included. Under…

Following an emergentist approach, the authors examined the comprehension of four different types of restrictive relative clauses (direct object/oblique vs. subject/indirect object) with animate/inanimate referents by Iranian EFL learners. To this end, an Oxford placement test and two sets of comprehension tests within a week's interval were…

This study examined whether reporting subscores for groups of items within a test section assessing a second-language modality (specifically reading or listening comprehension) added value from a measurement perspective to the information already provided by the section scores. We analyzed the responses of 116,489 test takers to reading and…

This article investigates how lexical and syntactic differences in L1 and L2 grammatical gender affect L2 predictive gender processing. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, 24 L1 Russian adult learners and 15 native speakers of German were tested. Both Russian and German have three gender classes. Yet, they differ in lexical congruency, that…

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) requires states to outline their academic and English language proficiency goals and provide a detailed proposal for the statewide accountability system in a state ESSA plan. This brief, a collaboration between Achieve and UnidosUS, provides a two-part analysis of states' goals for English learners (ELs) in…

The problem is that Dominican student immigrants enrolling in Puerto Rican high schools need to be English proficient and the English as second language program (ESL) is not effectively supporting these students to develop English proficiency to graduate from the target high school. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the…

Despite recent globalization and a growing demand for international students, the number of students from Korea at American universities has actually decreased over the last decade, while their dropout rate is significantly higher than that of other ethnic groups. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this study was to explore what these students…

Building upon the theoretical and practical foundation outlined in their previous book, "Educating English Learners", the authors show classroom teachers how to develop a repertoire of instructional techniques that address K-12 English learners (ELs) at different English proficiency and grade levels, and across subject areas. "Show,…

High-stakes decisions are often made for English learners in the K-12 context based on their performance on English language proficiency assessments. Although states and districts provide guidelines for making such decisions, little is known regarding how educators actually make decisions at the district and school levels. Understanding these…

Schools in the United States serve a linguistically diverse population of students. The U.S. Department of Education estimates that 9.1 percent of public school students in the United States were English learners (ELs) in 2014-2015. These are students who meet the federal definition of English learners, referred to in the Individuals with…

U.S. Department of Education data show that English learners in grades K-12 in U.S. public schools in the 2015-16 school year numbered over five million students-- about 10 percent of all enrolled students--and that roughly three-fourths of public school districts included students who are English learners. Many teachers, including those in small…

In the traditional higher education sphere, AAC&U's "Essential Learning Outcomes" (ELO 2012) and the Lumina Foundation sponsored "Degree Qualifications Profile" (DQP 2014) both set forth, in different ways, concrete expectations for student learning that include what symbolic translation and its infusions is about. Both…