Adult education programs can ameliorate the structural causes of urban poverty by organizing the poor for community development and literacy and cultural education. (SK)

Data from a survey of 4,809 Russians were used to examine the association between educational attainment and first occupation for Russians who completed their education and entered the labor market between 1970 and 2000. The results confirm previous findings of continuity in social stratification in post-Soviet Russia, despite rapid, major…

Analysis of city-level data and national household surveys in urban China, 1988 and 1995, found no longitudinal change nor city-level variation in the gender gap in earnings. However, during this period of market transition, the gender gap in more-marketized cities became more attributable to market-related mechanisms (education and occupation)…

Studies Hong Kong bilingual education, suggesting low-income students less likely to learn in bilingual programs. Suggests learners from certain social groups may find themselves at a disadvantage when seeking equal education opportunities, since 90 percent of secondary education programs are bilingual. (Author/TES)

In Guatemala and Bolivia, countries with high proportions of ethnic (Native) population, indigenous workers had lower educational attainment and earned less at every educational level, relative to nonindigenous workers. The differences between ethnic groups were greater in Guatemala than Bolivia. (SV)

Draws on the 1987 Current Population Survey to examine the effect of employment instability on earnings of 1,755 Mexican-origin men. Results show unequivocally that Whites received higher returns to education than did Mexican Americans, and that employment instability exerted a heavier penalty on Mexican-origin workers than Whites. (Author/SAS)

At the end of World War II, Greater Boston was one of the least diverse metropolitan areas in the United States. In 1950, the "minority" population of only one of its 154 towns and cities exceeded 5 percent and that was the city of Boston, at only 5.3 percent. In the second half of the century, the region rapidly became multiracial and…

The governments of the USA and the UK have identified similar challenges facing their higher education sectors. Both governments believe in the centrality of market forces in meeting higher education demand, with government and academia playing subordinate roles. The public purposes of higher education must be restated if the potentially negative…

One possible benefit of the availability of free or low cost education is reduced reliance on welfare and public assistance among those who attain higher levels of education. The extent to which people with more education rely less on welfare and public assistance is an indication of this benefit. In 1992, high school dropouts were three times…

In the last few years, numerous reports have pointed to the overall lower achievement of American students in science, particularly in the physical sciences, when compared to American students of the last two decades and to students from other countries. While there is reason to believe that American elementary school children are taught less…

During the recent past, the U.S. Department of Defense has, on two occasions, admitted large numbers of low-aptitude individuals into the Military Services: Project 100,000 and the 1976-80 misnorming of the enlistment test. To determine the impact of having served in the military on the subsequent experiences of these individuals, samples of…

The commentary reflects similarities and differences of the United States and foreign programs presented at the January, 1975 Multinational Workshop on Adult Education (Washington, D. C.). Attention is directed to educational philosophy, concept integration, learner's role, process versus product orientation, social-cultural factors, program…

This report presents a statistical profile of 57,837 persons representing a national sample from the field of computer science. Data were obtained from the 1978 Survey of Natural and Social Scientists and Engineers sponsored by National Science Foundation and conducted by the Bureau of the Census. Categories considered include: (1) composition;…

Research on the comparative cognition and cognitive functioning of bilinguals is reviewed for insight into research needed to facilitate the development of reasoning skills in language minority students. Studies of formal reasoning among persons with limited schooling in Central Asia, West Africa, and Mexico are noted and discussed in the context…