A study identified characteristics that 43 kindergarten teachers used to describe themselves and students toward whom they held positive attitudes. Teacher self-perceptions and descriptions of favored students were examined. Results indicated that teachers used a common set of characteristics to describe themselves and those students they regarded…

The Personal Reaction Scale was developed as a test for adults to measure their locus of control perceptions. It was administered to women college students, their parents, and parents of preschool children. Responses were factor analyzed to yield six factors: Fate, Social Self, Personal Self, Self-Determination, Luck, and Powerlessness.…

This study utilized a Latin Squares design to assess equivalence of computer and paper-and-pencil testing methods in a clinical setting with college students. No significant differences between scores on measures of anxiety, depression, and psychological reactance were found across group and administration format. Most subjects preferred…

Factor analysis revealed three main factors: aggressiveness, hyperactivity and anxiety-fearfulness. Measures based upon these factors had a reasonably high level of reliability and were moderately stable over a 2-year interval. Hyperactivity was negatively associated with cognition ability. Both hyperactivity and aggressiveness were related to…

Interviews with 74 older parents and with one each of their middle-aged children were conducted. Data were analyzed in terms of agreements and disagreements between parent and child and of perceived agreements and disagreements. Findings are discussed in terms of the developmental stake theory, a metaorientation, and asymmetry in the parent-child…

A study of student stress before and after a clinical clerkship examined the relationship of favorable or unfavorable stress, as perceived by the student, to locus of control and self-esteem. The major finding was an association of unfavorable stress with poor academic performance. Stress management training is recommended. (MSE)

Parents and supplementary caregivers from family day care homes and day care centers completed the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire for 64 infants and toddlers. Results indicated that caregivers from day care centers perceived the temperament of children in their care as significantly more difficult than caregivers of children in family day…

Effective peer relations and the enhancement of social interactions in young children play a central role in the discussion of social competence. Developmental issues relevant to the assessment of social competence including perspective taking, conceptions of friendship, interpersonal strategies and problem solving, moral judgments, and…

Research focusing on the construct validation of self-concept (SC) within an educational framework is reviewed. Studies are categorized as within-network research and between-network research and further classified by methodological procedures. Although relationships among self-concept facets and academic achievement have been found, an overall SC…

Tested the relationship between congruency and academic achievement in 157 Canadian vocational high school students who completed Holland's Self Directed Search. The resulting summary code was compared for congruency using Holland's Occupations Finder. Significant relationships were found between congruent and non-congruent frequencies and between…

Examined the role of difficult temperament or behavioral style and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in the 133 subjects of the New York Longitudinal Study. Results indicated that the possession of difficult temperamental characteristics at age five and in early adulthood are associated with drug use in young adulthood. (JAC)

Subjects read a situation description and rated the likelihood of their taking the response designated as appropriate. Regression analyses revealed the contributions of sex and the traits of instrumentality and emotional expressiveness (as measures earlier by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) to self-reported instrumentality and emotional…

Two dimensions of cognitive impulsivity, accuracy and latency, were assessed in fourth graders by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) and were related to teachers' ratings of adjustment and peers' sociometric preferences. MFF accuracy entered into a greater number of significant relationships than did MFF latency. (Author)

Four interaction-perception perspectives of the fictitious target of a double-bind conflict were provided by four groups of subjects. The perspectives included perceptions of a daughter about herself and her father (the double-bind source), and her estimates of his perceptions of both himself and her. (Editor)

Society as a whole has entrapped women into believing that they are, by nature, submissive, dependent, and emotional. Highlighting her article with illustrative cases, the author shows how counselors must shed their own biases and help women act in their own behalf. (Author)