A survey of 47 Pennsylvania school districts examined the traits of deference and authoritarianism among educators and investigated the relationship between these two psychological qualities and school administrative promotion. Questionnaires returned by 493 school administrators and teachers measured each respondent's degrees of authoritarianism…

The study described in this paper examined certain personality factors and dispositions characteristic of two types of inner city black high school students: those who achieve and those who fail to achieve. Interviews with eight black students from a ghetto high school in Chicago were analyzed. This analysis revealed six dichotomies which seemed…

People's cognitive maps (images of self, beliefs and values, evaluations of relationships with individuals and groups) determine attitudes and behavior, provide the basis for communication, and determine in part their response to events. The cognitive map of an organization performs the same function for groups. Thirty-five newspaper employees…

The effects of three major variables--the perceived sex of the evaluatee, the sex of rater, and the sex-role identity of rater--were investigated with respect to conceptions of psychological health. The Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Sex Role Stereotype Questionnaire were administered to 222 undergraduate students. Using the difference in the mean…

This study investigated possible sex differences in need for achievement (nAch) among 225 organizational employees as measured by a nonprojective questionnaire developed by Hermans (1970). Further, several hypotheses suggested by previous research were tested in an effort to explain sex differences in nAch. A significant difference between males…

A recent revision of the proposed DSM III description of the borderline category is presented with reference to the work of Masterson and Grinker. The contributions of Roger Shapiro and his group to a psychoanalytic formulation of the developmental and familial dynamics are summarized with reference to genetic factors and the lack of validation,…

A Sample of 228 suicide attempters admitted in the emergency rooms of four general hospitals in an industrial city was studied as part of an ongoing follow-up investigation of the interaction of life situations and stresses and coping skills. Approximately 60% of the sample came from chaotic homes torn apart by family conflict. An assortative…

Field independence, empathy, perceived social distance, and self-esteem are being examined in this on-going investigation of the characteristics of a good language learner. The results of various measures of these four variables are being correlated with language proficiency tests and teacher and self-evaluations. It is suggested that conflicting…

Course instruction was manipulated to yield two different levels of structure in an exploratory analysis of the effects of course structure on student satisfaction in 166 introductory educational psychology students. Results suggest that student satisfaction for different degrees of course structure depends on personality attributes. Seven…

Much research in the area of person perception has dealt with the problem of how people organize information about other people, including how familiarity mediates the cognitive organization of person information. One multi-operational investigation found that information sets about familiar people, as opposed to unfamiliar people, resulted in the…

One hundred thirty-five Japanese university students participated in a study of attitudes toward the physically handicapped. Results supported the hypothesis that the attitudes of the nonhandicapped toward physically handicapped persons with desirable personality traits were more positive than attitudes toward those with undesirable personality…

There has been considerable interest in incorporating the socialization process--including empathy as a nurse characteristic--into the nursing curriculum. On the other hand, some clients have indicated that they do not see empathy as an important nursing skill. A study was undertaken to assess how sophomores, seniors, and faculty in nursing…

The relationship to later parole outcome of therapeutic changes made by juvenile delinquents during residential treatment was explored. Subjects (N=823) were all those admitted to two California Youth Authority institutions for boys between August 1969 and March 1971. Change was measured by pretests and posttests with the 14 scales of the Jesness…

INFORMATION REGARDING A SELECTED GROUP OF COLLEGE STUDENTS WAS GATHERED TO HELP DETERMINE THE DECISIONS WHICH INFLUENCED THEIR CAREER CHOICE. A QUESTIONNAIRE WAS COMPLETED BY ABOUT 700 PERSONS, PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT FAMILY BACKGROUND, PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE, PRESENT POSITION, AND REASONS FOR ENTERING COLLEGE TEACHING. ABOUT 10 PERCENT OF THESE…

THIS DOCUMENT PROVIDES A REVIEW AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH RELEVANT TO CHANGING SOCIAL ATTITUDES, WITH THE VIEW TOWARD IMPROVING RELATIONS BETWEEN VARIOUS ETHNIC, RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, AND OTHER GROUPS. THE EMPHASIS IS ON RECENT RESEARCH. THE PUBLICATION IS DIVIDED INTO TWO MAIN SECTIONS. PART I IS DEVOTED TO A REVIEW OF IMPORTANT…