The Information Acquisition Preference Inventory was used to examine cognitive styles in relationship to students' use of study tasks and to assess subjects' preferred ways of learning and problem solving. The inventory, which has students rank words describing their own learning behavior, identifies four distinctive learning preference modes:…

The importance of role models for women achieving career success has received increased attention; however, there has been little agreement on a definition of the concept. To determine who college women say their role models are and to determine developmental discontinuities in women's reports of their role models, 377 college women completed two…

The sources of faculty perspectives on the personal effectiveness of administrators are analyzed. It is proposed that faculty will be predisposed to see administrators in different lights, depending on structural elements in decision making and the orientation of the faculty members. Attention is directed to Talcott Parson's theory for classifying…

A study was conducted to determine (1) if black parents score at the internal or external end of the Locus of Control (LOC) scale; (2) if differences exist between black children's LOC and that of their parents; and (3) if an external-internal shift can be achieved through counseling of the parents, and if their children's LOC changes accordingly.…

While data on the onset of cigarette smoking among younger adolescents has been investigated extensively, it is less clear whether the same social factors influence older adolescents. To examine these social factors, as well as the influence of personality and beliefs, 1,977 high school participants in an anti-smoking study completed a…

While the descriptive features of anorexia nervosa are well known and agreed upon, the level of personality organization and the character style of anorexia patients is more controversial. To study and compare the cognitive style and personality functioning of anorectic patients with that of conduct disordered patients, 20 adolescent females (10…

To examine the influence that biological sex and psychological gender have on trait argumentativeness, 219 subjects were asked to complete the Argumentativeness Scale and the Revised Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Subjects were classified according to sex and gender, and two-way analysis of variance was conducted. Additionally, discriminate analysis was…

Clinicians and family theorists have speculated that men and women differ in their orientations to close relationships, although these stereotypic patterns have not been investigated empirically. To determine whether people's interactional experiences are characterized by distinctive, sex-linked orientations to expressiveness and caring, 252 men…

According to the major attributional hypotheses, egotism and expectancy confirmation, people tend to make internal attributions when successful and external attributions when they fail. In order to investigate the effect of manipulation on egotistical and expectancy confirmation attributions, 190 female undergraduates participated in two series of…

This study assesses the viability of the rating approach compared to the forced choice approach by use of the Activity Preference Questionnaire. (DEP)

The correlations of scores of the Campbell-Holland Interest Scale for American and New Zealand psychology students were compared, and the factor structure was shown to be similar in the two samples. (Author)

Group leaders frequently encounter a reluctance among members to talk about their problems in the group. Simple well-known exercises can be used to elicit successive approximations of the desired group behavior. The leader then uses reinforcement and other techniques to strengthen, maintain, and generalize the behavior elicited by each exercise.…

This paper envisions programs of teacher education as a tri-spoked wheel which places "competency-based teacher education" in formation with two other spokes representing important aspects of any teacher's profile, i.e., "teacher personality" and "teacher behaviors." (Author)

Describes a study in which the Predicted Role Measure (PRM) was found to be a predictive instrument for separating preservice teachers into activity-centered and textbook-centered elementary science teachers. Using Cattell's 16-Personality Factor Questionnaire, a significant difference was also found between the personality profiles of the two…

Comrey Personality Scales (1970) were administered to 179 New Zealand university and teachers' college students. Factor analysis of the data confirmed that the basic structure of the scales was almost identical with that found in the American normative sample. (Author/RC)