Investigates how primary-level pupils can solve word problems more effectively using computational skills in small, cooperative groups. Points out six principles for successful cooperative groups through problem solving protocol analysis: (1) teach strategies; (2) rehearse techniques; (3) involve everyone; (4) cooperate to solve problems; (5) keep…

Analyzes error patterns of kindergartners' mental addition task. Eight weeks of computational practice affected the errors of unpracticed combinations on a retest. Seven of 10 children mastered previously unknown combinations involving zero by learning a relationship rather than the practice and memorization of individual facts. (Author/YP)

Presents games for practicing and reinforcing the basic facts of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in spite of differences in age and ability. Describes the materials and rules for the games. (YP)

The enrollment decisions of 444 (183 male, 260 female, and 1 unspecified) university students at Flinders University (South Australia) were investigated. Results shed light on gender differences in achievement patterns in mathematics and English and in relation to assumptions about relations between expectations and valences. (TJH)

Findings are examined from studies published from 1980 to the present concerning the effects of peer tutoring on mathematics performance. Findings indicate the effectiveness of peer tutoring in promoting significant cognitive gains for both the tutor and the tutee with populations of low achievers, mildly handicapped, or socially disadvantaged…

Analyzes the education of Black children in mathematics. The following factors influence mathematics achievement: (1) course enrollment patterns; (2) role models and significant others; and (3) attitudes toward mathematics. The following facets of field-dependent mathematics instruction are discussed: (1) identity; (2) security; and (3) validity.…

Explores the relationship between high school students' beliefs about mathematics and their mathematical performance. Reports: (1) the students' attributions of success or failure; (2) perceptions of mathematics; (3) comparative views of school mathematics, English and social studies; (4) motivation; and (5) personal performance. A questionnaire…

The study compared teachers' ratings of the mathematics achievement of severely to profoundly hearing impaired Israeli students in special schools, special classes, and mainstream placement. When variables related to communication skills and intellectual potential were controlled, teacher ratings of student mathematical achievement was lower for…

Examines tracking's effects on end-of-year 10th-grade mathematics achievement for a sample of over 3,900 public school students, using 1988 National Education Longitudinal Study data. Although there is clearly a case for detracking on equity grounds, students currently in uppertrack classes may suffer major losses in achievement test scores. (26…

Evaluates gender differences in mathematics achievement based on research conducted at the State University College of Technology at Delhi, New York, an urban community college. Reports that females typically outperformed their male counterparts but that the percentage of females enrolled in precalculus and calculus had decreased for the past 15…

Chinese and American kindergarten children were given a test of addition skills, a numerical memory span measure, and an addition strategy assessment. When unable to retrieve an addition fact from memory, Chinese children counted verbally, whereas American children used finger counting or guessed. This difference appeared to be related to a…

Analysis of covariance of pre- and posttest scores on mathematics anxiety and arithmetic achievement tests of (n=123) college students taught arithmetic using two different instructional approaches (rule oriented versus concept oriented) found a significant difference between the posttest anxiety scores of the two groups. (22 references)…

Investigated gender pattern differences in spatial- or mathematics-related activities in 213 junior high school students in the Netherlands to determine whether these activities are related to mathematical achievement or to attitudes toward mathematics and whether these differences influence student choice of mathematical study. Results suggest…

Summarizes a third-year evaluation of the Houston Independent School District's Beating the Odds (BTO) program, initiated in the 1988-89 school year. Designed for at-risk secondary students, BTO provides in-school counseling and guidance, community outreach and family case management, and specialized teacher training. The program helped curb the…

This paper examines trends in mathematics assessment for students with mild disabilities, with emphasis on implications of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards. Results of two studies are reported, one reviewing current mathematics assessment procedures in special education, and the other comparing the Key Math-Revised measure…