ERIC Number: EJ1488792
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2025
Pages: 32
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-1053-1890
EISSN: EISSN-1573-3319
Available Date: 2025-03-28
Nomothetic, Differential, and Idiographic Assessment of Character Development among South African Youth
Roya Abbasi-Asl1; Natasha Keces2; Richard M. Lerner2; Margaret Mackin2; Dian Yu3; Elizabeth M. Dowling2; Jonathan M. Tirrell2; Alexa Hasse2; Kirsten Olander2; Angela Larkan4; Chuma Mashita4; Raah Msimango4; Sinenhlanhla Mkhithi4; Tyler Howard4
Child & Youth Care Forum, v54 n5 p1203-1234 2025
Background: Nomothetic, group differential, and idiographic approaches are all needed to fully understand youth development. However, most research on youth character development has traditionally relied on either the nomothetic approach to study whole sample changes or the differential approach to study changes in predefined groups (e.g., involving gender or age). Objective: In this study, we used data from the Thanda Study of Character and Health to assess nomothetic, differential, and idiographic development of character attributes (generosity, curiosity) among South African youth. Methods: We measured character attributes using a traditional longitudinal design and an intensive longitudinal design (ILD). The traditional longitudinal design involved 222 youth (50% female; M[subscript age] = 9.82, SD[subscript age] = 1.39), and their scores of character attributes for three assessments separated by about half a year. A subset of 35 youth from this sample (48% female, M[subscript age] = 11.6, SD[subscript age] = 0.62) participated in the ILD, completing a survey of character attributes across 16 weekly assessments. Using Growth Mixture Modeling and person-specific pathways plots, we examined group-based heterogeneity and specificity in youth character development. Results: Results from both designs confirmed that there is group-based heterogeneity in character development. Findings from the ILD additionally pointed to the specificity of character development and the fact that person-specific trajectories of the character attributes cannot be captured by the estimated mean trajectories of groups. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of identifying both group-based and idiographic trajectories rather than relying solely on nomothetic or differential approaches on predefined groups when studying character development.
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Moral Development, Youth, Individual Development, Personality Traits, Longitudinal Studies, Scores, Individual Differences
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Identifiers - Location: South Africa
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Author Affiliations: 1Tufts University, Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development, Medford, MA, USA; 2Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; 3Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; 4Thanda, Mtwalume, South Africa

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