Virginia's distinctive political and legislative tradition makes its intergovernmental relations particularly challenging. Following the Dillon Rule, a 19th century legal doctrine that limits local governments to exercising only those powers specifically authorized by statue, Virginia is the only state that maintains an independent city system,…

The paper examines directions for social change on Indian reservations as a result of recent shifts in Federal policy. A contrast is made between the existing pattern of administered communities and the possibility of a new model, the "sustained enclave" (a program of economically supported but nondirected change). (Author/KM)

According to popular analysis, parental objections to busing are generated by a perceived "loss of control" over the education of their children. It is the thesis of this essay that this loss of control began well before the current dispute over busing. It is helpful to view the process of parental political disenfranchisement as one that has…

Although 1951-1966 marked 15 of the most dynamic, hectic, painful, and questionable years of Iowa school district reorganization, 28 school district reorganizations have come about in the succeeding 15 years without a state law or Department of Public Instruction regulation mandating the elimination of certain kinds or sizes of local school…

The state of New South Wales (NSW) ceded the Canberra area to the Commonwealth in 1911 as the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but maintained responsibility for education in the region until 1974, when the territory became responsible for its own educational system. ACT's Independent Education Authority came into being in large part as the…

Previous and present relationships between colleges and their communities are examined to determine the various forms of intervention, both social and economic, that will shape this relationship in the future. Four forms of community intervention are identified. (1) By its participation in college programs and services, the community is the…

American Indian rejection of the assimilation process coupled with recent positive Office of Educational Opportunity (OEO) experiences have given birth to new Indian ideologies which encompass regeneration of the internal forces in the Indian community. Local control of education provides the key to regenerative action and total development,…

The year 1974 marked the first full year in which the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) officially embarked on a policy of advising and assisting American Indian tribes to assume the administration of their own affairs (self-determination). It seeks to strengthen and stabilize tribal governments while continuing to maintain and fulfill its trust…

The research had four objectives: (1) to describe home-school-community relations in selected IGE schools; (2) to explain the home-school-community relations and the implementation of IGE political terms using issue analysis and policy acceptance analysis; (3) to generate hypotheses from the data gathered through objectives 1 and 2, and relate…

This review analyzes current literature dealing with the expectations and demands of the public for their schools. Particular attention is paid to research that assesses variations in public expectations and demands according to demographic and geographic settings, age, ethnic status, and socioeconomic status. A 65-item bibliography of recent…

Written school board policies can demonstrate that boards welcome ideas from the people, that there are proper procedures for getting a hearing on complaints, and that staff and curriculum will be protected from pressure. The sample school board policies, administrative rules, and information statements in this kit are intended to facilitate the…

System-wide school decentralization is now implemented both in New York City and in Detroit. It is important, therefore, to inquire into alternative explanations of the origins of the school decentralization movement with a view to constructing models of school organizational behavior and change which may have utility either to other school…

This booklet, intended for junior and community college trustees, contains three addresses given this year at a special conference for two-year college trustees, a paper based on a national survey of community college trustees, reaction to that paper, and a selected bibliography of articles, studies, and dissertations by lay governance of the…

The papers in this report fall into three focus areas: (1) new goals and objectives for educational institutions, with a stress on normative analysis of public policy alternatives and a reexamination of prior assumptions on which research is based; (2) the political education of youth, with a particular examination of directions in research on…