An argument for teaching vision development and clarification in educational administration programs through the use of multiple conceptual frameworks is presented in this paper. A review of two conceptual frameworks--reflective practice and leadership forces--concludes that vision, a key ingredient of effective leadership, must be more thoroughly…

More is known about the effective teaching of reading than is reflected in classroom practice. The critical link in the chain from research findings to classroom practices is staff development. A staff development model was designed, based upon the notions that change is a gradual and difficult process for teachers; that teachers vary widely in…

An assessment of the usefulness of case records in contributing practical information for improved administrator effectiveness, with a focus on the development of performance evaluation criteria, is the purpose of this study. Forty-two case records were classified according to content and outcome, and further classified as successful or…

This paper outlines the assumptions about the work and working conditions of teachers evident in various practices of action research in education. First, a thorough analysis of documents from the period of action research in the post-World War II era in the United States is presented. Images of the work and workplace of teaching from this period…

Globally, knowledge of word meanings is related to reading comprehension. R. C. Anderson and P. Freebody's (1981) seminal paper on vocabulary set forth three hypotheses to explain this relationship--an "instrumentalist" hypothesis suggesting that knowledge of word meanings directly causes reading comprehension, and "general…

A study examined the application and availability of clinical and biomedical knowledge in the clinical reasoning of physicians as well as possible mechanisms responsible for changes in the organization of clinical and biomedical knowledge in the development from novice to expert. Subjects were 28 students (10 second year, 8 fourth year, and 10…

The paper presents the thesis that experienced physicians, while diagnosing routine cases, are operating upon knowledge structures that are distinctively different from those of novice physicians and students. In the course of their medical training, students develop rich, elaborated causal networks, explaining the causes and consequences of…

Intended for teachers in Tasmania, this booklet focuses on guidelines for developing a language program for young children. Chapters are entitled: How Language Competence Grows; Language, Thought and Feelings Are Independent; The Child's Language Development Depends on Our Responses; and Growth of Understanding. The philosophy presented in the…

Although theories of career decision making and guidance are usually offered as a basis for practice, the linkage between such theories and the practices of counselors is not always clear. Since treatment in a private dyadic context is difficult to observe and classify, public treatments such as workbooks or computerized systems are more useful…

This book is the second in a set of three study guides designed to help students of educational administration critically analyze contemporary theory in the field, examine the field from a new viewpoint, and develop their own, more practical knowledge base. The first of the book's three sections, by Gerry England, discusses three ways of thinking…

This book is the third in a set of three study guides designed to help students of educational administration critically analyze contemporary theory in the field, examine the field from a new viewpoint, and develop their own, more practical knowledge base. The first of the volume's three sections, by John Codd, explores the notion that…

Noting that the idea of linguistic case has evolved from an account of noun affixes (surface case) to an account of how syntactic relations between noun phrases and sentences map into deep relations between objects and events (deep case), this paper examines the notion of deep case as it applies to natural language understanding. Following a…

Those to whom teachers are accountable--administrators, parents, and the public--seem to be inclined to ignore the findings of more than 20 years of research into the process of efficient and proficient reading in favor of dehumanized instruction that reduces reading to bits and pieces of skills instruction. They cling to the metaphor of mind as…

An evaluation was made of the Effective Schools Program (ESP) conducted by the Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory (McREL) for the 1984-85 academic year. The ESP is a research-based program designed to foster self-sustained improvement efforts at the school building level, through systematic long term staff development including…

The goal of the early childhood teacher training program at the University of Maryland in Baltimore County is to develop teachers who are able to integrate their own understandings and feelings of self with appropriate actions in the classroom. The program has four components, within each of which the teacher-in-training's knowledge, understanding…