The lateral eye movement paradigm was employed to test the hypothesis that narrow categorizers, who are believed to be more analytic in information processing, make characteristic use of the left hemisphere, while broad categorizers, being more holistic, depend more on the right hemisphere. Results are discussed in terms of cerebral specialization…

The theoretical issue was whether a general motivation towards effectiveness or competence could be observed in the free activity of pre-school children. Implications of the concept of effectiveness-motivation were discussed. (Author/RK)

According to the learned helplessness hypothesis, the learning impairment typically displayed by subjects previously given insoluble problems results from the real learning of response-outcome independence. This learning is represented as a belief in helplessness that interferes with the subsequent acquisition of adaptive responses. Two…

Social comparison theory predicts that when the person is uncertain about the level of his ability, he may seek comparison information through competitive behavior. An experiment is reported in which the level of the subject's uncertainty about his competence was manipulated and subsequent measures of his competitive motivation and behavior were…

Two free-recall experiments were performed in which the subjects were required to rehearse items an equal number of times, but the number of items presented at a given time was varied. The main hypothesis was that increasing the number of items presented at once would increase processing demands and decrease performance. (Editor)

Three linear models (Fixed, Random, and Provisional) and their inferential counterparts are presented and discussed. The three linear models are considered in relation to the analysis of nonlinearity, and limitations in the use of polynominal and product variables are discussed. Several exemplary research papers are examined and reconsidered in…

Three hypotheses are tested in order to reveal racial differences in the reaction to Watergate in a sample of 944 high school seniors in Atlanta; the partisanship, social deprivation, and political reality hypotheses. (Author/AM)

These experiments are addressed specifically to the question of whether transituational transfer of immunizing and therapeutic effects will occur when these procedures involve responses and settings which are very different from those used in final testing. (Author/RK)

A free association technique was used to investigate the semantic structure of three forms of encoding: verbal, visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery. Discusses the relevance of these findings to creativity and the concept of semantic memory. (Editor/RK)

It has been demonstrated that instructions to learn have no effect on immediate recall in the incidental learning paradigm used by Jenkins (1974). This research further investigated this finding by factorially manipulating recall instructions (incidental vs. intentional learning), presentation rate of materials, retention interval, and type of…

Two experiments investigated the relationship between social influence and the number of persons attempting influence. Findings suggest that the manner in which persons are initially organized into groups and aggregates of individuals affects their persuasive impact on observers. (Editor/RK)

Three experiments investigated the influence of positive and negative affect manipulations on children's preferences for small immediate versus large delayed rewards. (Editor)

Describes an experiment that tested the effects of a vertical versus a horizontal arrangement of brief structured text entries on know-item search time. The results discussed include the effects of the searcher's age and entry arrangement on search times, and subjects' judgments on the ease of use of the entry arrangements. (Author/CLB)

Tests several hypotheses derived from the Guttentag-Secord theory which relates societal-level sex ratios to women's status and roles. Finds that the effects of sex ratio on women's roles are more pronounced in developed countries but that correlations between sex ratio and certain dimensions of women's roles provide little support for the theory.…