In a replication of an earlier study, a questionnaire with items lacking content and merely containing answer possibilities was administered to a sample of Dutch freshmen psychology students. Subjects showed a preference for positive options over negative options. (Author/JKS)

Contextual facilitation appears to depend upon the mode of analysis of the prime. If the prime is analyzed as a meaningful unit, facilitation occurs. However, if it is subjected to a more discrete, letter-by-letter analysis, the priming effect vanishes. (Author/CP)

The issues of culture-free and culture-fair tests for elementary school children are explored by examining specific tests and the testing situation. Investigators examined the problem of group intelligence testing vs. individual testing and conclude that tests still reflect White American middle socioeconomic class values and experiences. (HS)

Results are presented from the third biennial National Education Association "Survey of Instructional Problems" affecting teachers in their current assignments and particular concerns regarding class size, discipline, mainstreaming, and inservice education. (MB)

The influence of sex and college major on nonverbal acuity was measured by asking graduate students (N=100) to identify nonverbal information about emotional states from 150 pictures. Results showed females were more accurate than males. Results are discussed regarding counselor training because of no significant difference between counseling and…

Most marital difficulties are functions of childhood problems leading to childhood solutions. This paper emphasizes symbiotic aspects to marital problems in terms of the individual's existential position and his racket/racketeering behavior. The goal of treatment is to have the individual utilize resources for himself and negotiate resources for…

A Finnish study investigated the response of practicing pharmacists to a radio series on safe use of medicines and cognitive changes from use of three taped radio programs for in-house training at 22 large pharmacies. Despite positive attitudes toward continuing education via radio, readiness to participate was modest among pharmacy personnel.…

Rasch methodology, often used in educational research, was used to assess psychometric limitations of a scale designed to measure fear of falling in older persons. Simultaneous calibration of scale items improved its lack of scale definition. Implications for assessment of self-efficacy perceptions and planning treatment programs are discussed.…

Presents a model for understanding children's formation of schemas of self, other, and how self and other do and should communicate emotion. Attributes important roles to families' tendencies to display or not display emotion and to their rules regarding desirability and importance of communicating emotion. Notes that child characteristics and…

A cross-national study examined what Japanese, Chinese, and American infants communicated to naive observers in various contexts when facial information was not available. Found that cultural differences were manifested primarily in deviations from expected responses to situations; Chinese and Japanese were not rated as more surprised in the…

Explores preservice teachers' beliefs about issues of diversity and equity pertaining to school settings. Experiences are examined of six cohorts of preservice teachers as they participated in a simulation activity designed to raise their awareness of biases and inequities that are present in their schools. (GR)

Deconstructs a literature discussion with students based on a reading of Mildred Taylor's "The Friendship," a novel about racial prejudice. Shows that students come into the classroom with their own biases, preferences, and ideas about the world shaped by family and community. (PA)

Compared rate of conflict, conflict resolution, and the appearance of reflection on emotions and literate language in friend and nonfriend dyads of kindergarten children. Found that, although rates of conflicts were similar, friends resolved conflicts more frequently than nonfriends and generated more emotional and literate language. Support was…

Describes and analyzes a short teaching episode in a multilingual secondary mathematics classroom in South Africa where the teacher uses a participatory-inquiry approach. Argues that such an approach to teaching and learning mathematics creates dilemmas of mediation for teachers. (AIM)

Describes research conducted with student teachers of elementary and secondary science education. Analyzes and compares the preservice teachers' conceptions of science with their classroom practices when teaching a science lesson. Results indicate that there is no correspondence between student teacher conceptions of the nature of science and…