Children's (n=70) solution strategies to a variety of multiplication and division word problems were analyzed to determine performance levels and strategies used. Solution strategies were classified at three levels: direct modeling with counting; no direct modeling with counting, additive, or subtractive strategies; and use of known derived facts.…

Discusses ways of approaching text and textbooks as embodiments of a larger process of cultural politics, focusing on the analysis of the relationships involved in their production, contexts, use, and reading. Newer forms of analysis that emphasize the politics of how students actually create meanings around texts are reviewed. (SLD)

Discusses the difficulty of reflection in teaching given the norms of the profession and the context of the work. The article describes research on ways teachers adapt and tailor lessons to changing circumstances and class populations, and reports on teachers' reflective practices. (GLR)

Describes four studies that explored how search experts and domain experts conducted searches in full-text, end-user search systems. Problem definition/expectation; query formulation; examination and extraction; reflection, stopping, and search monitoring; and system effects are examined for each study. (26 references) (EA)

Discusses the Comprehension and Cognitive Development (CCD) approach of the National Urban Alliance for Effective Education to instructional planning and delivery improvement. CCD is a cross-disciplinary approach that recognizes that mathematics, science, and language arts demand comprehension of textual material and identification and transfer of…

Examines the effects of cooperative and individualistic computer-assisted instruction (CAI) programs on cognitive and affective variables in Israeli grade six mathematics classes. Analyses of the data indicate that students who used CAI for drill and practice in pairs performed better than students who used the same program individually. (30…

Describes the theoretical models which suggest different "levels" in memory processing, corresponding to the short-term and long-term storage of information. Reviews studies substantiating this perspective and outlines strategies for the use of "levels" in developmental education design, as an alternative to rote memorization. (PAA)

Performance by medical school sophomores (N=106) on higher-order questions in a second year introductory medicine course did not correlate with perceived performance in subsequent clerkships any better than did performance on fact-recall items. The use of multiple clinical simulations may emerge as the only satisfactory controlled assay of…

Investigated is a reader's ability to comprehend written text that is highly novel with few semantic cues. The theoretical perspective, assessment theory, materials and methods, and the results of this study are discussed. (KR)

Asserts that the whole-language approach is a philosophy of language learning that integrates four modes of communication--listening, speaking, reading, and writing--with a focus on content comprehension. Discusses how the approach is used as a primary component of the Florida K-5 Program of Study. (CFR)

Explains how the author's ideas about the development of the mind and forms through which its contents are revealed developed. Also, explores uncertainties the author has felt about educational philosophy and practice, and discusses implications for future educational research that does justice to the development of human intellectual capacities.…

Discusses two methods for developing and assessing fluid abilities. In the first method, students are asked to solve increasingly unfamiliar problems in a domain; and in the second, students are required to organize knowledge in new ways or view it from different perspectives. (SLD)

Examined cognitive processing and performance of 12 average seventh-grade students during cooperative problem solving. Factors that impeded performance included lack of an experiential framework, imposition of unrequired restrictions, lack of individual monitoring of cognitive activity, and unproductive beliefs. Factors that enhanced performance…

Reviews research in which computers have provided support for collaborative learning. Asserts that the technology itself is not neutral with respect to learning activities. Concludes that computer interface with the learner involves more than just the interaction with the computer. (CFR)

Major changes in educational and psychological theories that have come about since the cognitive and affective taxonomies of educational objectives were published in 1956 and 1964 are traced. The changes emphasize the need to understand thinking in the context of students' beliefs and self-directed cognitions. (SLD)