The ideal item in the criterion-referenced testing situation is the item with a nonsignificant discrimination index and a high difficulty level; items that discriminate negatively are clearly unacceptable; and items that discriminate positively usually indicate a need for revision. (Author)

Study compares the Rasch and the Guttman models of measurement and thus adds to the description of the characteristics of Rasch's logistic model. Such knowledge is of importance in making decisions as to which model and which statistics should be used in evaluations of tests. (Author/CB)

An item reversal is like the original item except that the apparent or inferred direction of meaning is changed from positive to negative or from negative to positive. The experimental subjects did not respond to the reversed items and the original items in a similar manner. (Author/DG)

One major aspect of moral judgment selected for this study is the child's flexibility toward rules. (MB)

Based on undergraduates' responses to the College Student Satisfaction Questionnaire, the findings appear to give considerable support for viewing educational quality, social life, student living and working conditions, compensation (study pressures), and perhaps recognition as important dimensions of college student satisfaction. (Author)

A number of empirical studies are suggested to answer certain questions in connection with flexilevel tests. (MS)

Statistical procedures for measuring heterogeneity of test item distractor distributions, or cultural variation, are presented. These procedures are based on the notion that examinees' responses to the incorrect options of a multiple-choice test provide more information concerning cultural bias than their correct responses. (Author/PN)

The present study compared the factor structures obtained when the same data were factor analyzed: (1) for the total sample (463 fifth grade students) and by sex for collapsed concepts, and (2) by individual concept for the total sample by sex, and for internal and external locus of control groups. (Author/PN)

This study was concerned with the reliability and validity of subjective judgments about five characteristics of multiple-choice test items from an introductory college-level astronomy test: (1) item difficulty, (2) language complexity, (3) content importance or relevance, (4) response set convergence, and (5) process complexity. (Author)

Presented a distinction between concepts of face validity and item subtlety. Trait categories were differentially accessible to individual judges. Higher criterion validities were associated with less subtle and more face-valid items. Results support a rational approach to test construction and emphasize the use of relevant test item content.…