The generalizability theory approach to the estimation of reliability is outlined, and a design is developed in which systematic variations in behavior over differing situations are separated from random fluctuation. Three coefficients of reliability are proposed. (CK)

Authors urge teachers to delve into children's background, family life, early experiences to gain knowledge needed for more effective teaching of each individual student. Ways to improve children's behavior and performance are detailed, as are techniques for encouraging self-expression and self-revelation, and stimulating parental interest. (PD)

Article reprinted from the March-April 1969 issue of "Education Age. (Author)

Investigation supported by the Arizona Center for Early Childhood Education and performed persuant to a contract with the U.S. Office of Education. Reprints from: T.L. Rosenthal, Dept. of Psychology, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

A study is described that examined the outcomes of implementing peer clinical supervision in one urban elementary school over a semester's time. (JMK)

Reports on an experimental program in which preschool children, kindergarten children, and first- and second-grade students were enrolled for two months for the purpose of observing the extent and nature of the cognitive and social features of play interaction among age mates and nonage mates. (RH)

This study investigated reactions of 51 children to entry into nursery school, based on observational data, a test of conceptual ability, and assessment of adjustment. Four styles of entry behavior were identified, and connections drawn between entry behavior and early experience, especially in the home. (SK)

Examines kindergarten children's use of talk during writing to draw inferences regarding how children use speech to make sense of written language. (HOD)

Investigated relationship between lesson content and participation of pupils in rural India primary schools. Spontaneous participation in teacher-directed classrooms (N=136) was shown to be correlated with time spent by teachers in relating textbook content to pupils' natural experience. Experiments and teaching aids were also useful in drawing…

The consequences of using alternative measures of time and achievement are examined in an observational study of 18 elementary school classes. The extent to which choice of the same model linking time and learning for all students was implicated in the inconsistent results is examined. (Author/GK)

Points out that all good teachers can use kidwatching in the classroom to monitor children's knowledge and growth in literacy. (JL)

Study I examined activity spans in four types of preschool establishments. Overall span was greatest in the nursery school and lowest in the day nursery. Study II examined attention spans in a primary school. Both studies demonstrated the influence of adults in increasing children's attention. (Author/SJL)

The method used to record intellectual transaction in the Science Teaching Observation Schedule (STOS) is examined in the light of the theory of sampling methods. Concludes that STOS cannot give reliable quantitative data. Questions usefulness of continued analysis of STOS data. (Author/DS)