It is a concern of many educators and researchers that females are underrepresented in the field of mathematics and careers that require mathematics. This study begins with a review of the literature that examines the sex-related differences in mathematics. Three major categories involving the relationship between females and mathematics are then…

The purpose of this study was to review the research on sex-related differences in mathematics achievement to determine the extent of the inequalities and the factors which cause them. The first section concentrates on differences in mathematics achievement between males and females. The second section describes the sex differences in mathematics…

The characteristics of schools defined as having low, medium, and high poverty concentration are examined. The following variables are examined for elementary schools: (1) school climate; (2) compensatory education related characteristics; (3) demographic characteristics; (4) student mobility; and (5) reading and math achievement. The following…

The progress of 243 students repeating first grade in 1981-82 was compared with matched low achievers in the Austin (Texas) Independent School District. Mean achievement scores were obtained for each year between spring 1981 and spring 1986 for the two groups and compared to the national average. Regression analyses were used to compare the…

Poor, minority, and low ability students suffer most from the general lack of sustained opportunity to study mathematics in American public schools. Studies indicate that preschool and kindergarten students show only minor social class or racial differences in mathematical thinking and that differences in mathematical performance among older…

The Promotional Gates Program was initiated in the New York City Public Schools in order to set and maintain citywide curriculum and performance standards, identify students unable to meet the minimum standards, and provide remedial instruction. Under this program, the promotional policy sets "gates" at grades 4 and 7; students unable to…

Project Esperanza supplemented the basic special education program for handicapped students with limited English proficiency (LEP) by providing (1) staff training and consultation, (2) materials development, identification, and evaluation, (3) assistance in the diagnosis of educational needs and the prescription of instructional strategies, (4)…

The Chinese Bilingual Education Program operates at Seward Park and Washington Irving high schools in New York City. The program offers instructional and supportive services to native Chinese speakers of limited English proficiency. This report describes the program's history, philosophy, organization and staffing, funding, and goals and…

Over 600 students were served by the Reading/Mathematics Lab Program of the Des Moines (Iowa) Independent Community School District. Students enrolled in the mathematics lab at all grade levels attained an increase in mean percentile rank from pre- to post-testing as measured by the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills administered in October 1982 and again…

Overviews of three studies which focused on achievement as related to instructional time are presented. The first study investigated whether or not time spent in science with fourth and fifth graders (N=86) detracted from learning in more basic areas. The second study examined reading and mathematics achievement in grades 1 and 3 as related to…

Many educators and researchers who believe that girls have less mathematical ability than boys associate this deficiency with girls' inferior spatial ability. This generally accepted belief that spatial skills are a major prerequisite for math achievement was tested through a study of the visual-spatial skills of a sample of 32 professional…

In response to the urgent national need to revitalize mathematics and science education, the National Research Council (NRC) has undertaken an examination of mathematics education from kindergarten through graduate study. This is a summary of a report outlining the seriousness of the situation and emphasizing how critical mathematics is for…

A case study of a seventh-grade mathematics classroom was conducted for almost three months in l985-86. The purpose was to investigate factors related to mathematics achievement. The 16 students consisted of 4 black females, 3 black males, 5 white females, and 4 white males; the teacher was a black male. The data came from field notes and audio…

The Statewide Assessment Program, administered by the Alaska Department of Education, tests all fourth and eighth graders in math and reading biennially. In 1985, the Department's Office of Evaluation, Assessment and Research undertook an evaluation of the assessment program to identify procedures which needed improvement and to determine the…

This publication summarizes the achievement results of the Austin (Texas) Independent School District (AISD) for grades 1-12 in reading and mathematics for 1975 through 1985. In 1975, the California Achievement Tests (CAT) were administered to students in grades 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9. However, in 1976, the testing program was expanded to all…