This paper reports on the relationship between English language fluency and reading achievement in California sixth grade students. The interaction between fluency and social class was examined. This interaction was found to be similar for students who spoke English only and for Spanish speakers who were fluent in English. It was diminished for…

The history and rationale for entry and exit tests devised to meet Pennsylvania's standards for certifying foreign language teachers are outlined and discussed. The involvement of the Educational Testing Service in developing and validating tests in a variety of subject areas is described, and the need for institutional rather than standardized…

A collection of classroom activities for French and Spanish language immersion programs includes descriptions of or directions for a variety of exercises, accompanied by a brief introductory section of notes for the teacher. The activities include audio-motor units, a back-to-back activity, a cocktail party simulation, cultural assimilators,…

This textbook for high school, college, or adult readers covers major areas of Navajo history from prehistoric times to 1846 from the Navajo point of view. A brief description of pre-Navajo cultures including the Hohokam, Mogollon, and Anasazi precedes the more detailed history of the arrival of the Navajo and contact with the Pueblo peoples.…

A study examined whether language patterns found in English, which differed from those in Spanish, would have a significant effect on English as a second language (ESL) learners' comprehension while reading English text. Average fifth grade readers were randomly assigned to either an initial Spanish speaking group (N=18) or an initial English…

Bilingual programs and the socio-cultural circumstances surrounding the programs of the United States are compared with the programs and socio-cultural circumstances of three Latin American countries: Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. The legal frameworks are different. In the United States, bilingual education acts and subsequent programs came as a…

This booklet is a course of instruction in electricity in a two-column, English-Spanish format. Following an introduction to electricity and a lesson on safety, the booklet contains 21 units covering the following topics: ways to produce electricity; basic circuits; electrical measurements; electric generators; transformers, symbols and…

This guide, the first in a series of three, provides the Spanish-speaking intermediate science student and teacher an opportunity to review selected science concepts and processes through activities which emphasize the applicability of scientific knowledge in the professional world. The three components in this guide deal with (1) ecology (what…

A study was made of language attitudes of suburban middle class high school students with special reference to French, German, Spanish, and Latin. Of the 621 subjects chosen for the study, 82 had never had any foreign language learning experience. Two types of questionnaires were given, one to those who had studied foreign language and the other…

Oregon's low requirements for foreign language instruction at the secondary school level have caused Oregon students to place well below the national average in foreign language preparation, according to this report. The Oregon Governor's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, created in 1980, recommended substantial increases…

The role of foreign languages in the liberal arts colleges and of business training in the foreign language curriculum is examined. In recent years, student interests in foreign languages have shifted from the traditional focus on literary scholarship to practical applications and communication. International studies are also necessary in…

The degree requirements and course components for business Spanish at Eastern Michigan University's Language and International Trade program are described. The bachelors and masters programs in language and international trade have three components in each of three languages: business, language, and cooperative education work experience. In…

An ethnographic study of language proficiency in the home and school languages of bilingual children was conducted. From a qualitative sociolinguistic perspective, language proficiency, the relation of linguistic performance to community language use and attitudes, and the correlation of the sociolinguistic findings on language repertoire with…

A variety of classroom activities and techniques are available to motivate students, engage them, and give immediate positive feedback on oral communication, including: having students give each other elementary arithmetical exercises; circulation of vocabulary cards for immediate use on conversation, with later review; having a system of rewards…

The Carnegie Branch of the Houston Public Library (HPL) has attempted to establish credibility in a low income, Spanish speaking neighborhood by making the library visible to individuals on the street, contacting community leaders, and working with dropouts. The Branch, selected to implement a Neighborhood Information Center (NIC), established a…