Subjects were 26 female three-, four- and five-year-old children who free-played four different sets, each containing a culturally-defined feminine, masculine and neutral toy. A same- or opposite-sex adult was either present or absent during play. Results included the following: (1) girls played longer than boys with feminine and neutral toys,…

This paper addresses several issues concerning the nature of imitative acts and the conditions under which they take place. These issues include: (1) the separation of imitative acts from reinforced behavior; (2) the separation of true imitative acts from reflexive acts; (3) the separation of imitative acts from acts which normally have a high…

SOME CONSIDERATIONS BASIC TO ELEMENTARY GUIDANCE ARE DISCUSSED. THE PURPOSE OF A PROGRAM OF ELEMENTARY GUIDANCE IS TO PROVIDE BOTH CORE AND PREVENTIVE SERVICES WHICH PROMOTE PROPER CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PRACTICALITY AND ECONOMY SUGGEST THE NECESSITY FOR INCREASED ACTIVITY IN PRIMARY PREVENTION. THE GUIDANCE SPECIALIST MUST WORK DIRECTLY…

AN ART CURRICULUM IS IMPORTANT IN DEVELOPING CREATIVE HUMAN EFFORT BY A PROCESS OF LEARNING THROUGH STUDY AND ACTION. SUCCESSFUL ART EDUCATION AIDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALL AREAS OF LEARNING WHERE DISCOVERY AND CREATIVITY ARE SOUGHT. EACH PERSON IN THE REALM OF EDUCATION, FROM THE ART COORDINATOR TO THE PARENT, HAS A ROLE TO PLAY IN THE ART…

THE ART PROGRAM IS BASED ON FINDINGS THAT CHILDREN LEARN BEST BY EXPERIMENTING WITH MATERIALS AND GAIN THE CONFIDENCE TO THINK, FEEL, AND EXPRESS THEMSELVES WHEN THEY ARE GIVEN TIME TO WORK AT THEIR OWN PACE, WITHIN THEIR CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. SOME CHILDREN PASS RAPIDLY FROM STAGE TO STAGE WHILE OTHERS HAVE PERIODS OF LITTLE OR NO APPARENT…

The state of the art of research on child development in New Zealand is reported in this paper. It is noted that while many courses in child development are taught in New Zealand, few incentives or resources for a viable and continuous child development research program are provided. Perhaps because of restricted opportunities for research and…

This paper discusses the educational and psychological problems which make it necessary to consider kindergarten as the first stage in the uniform system of education and upbringing in Poland. Ways in which these problems stimulate research and affect the educational praxis of higher school levels are discussed. (JMB)

A child's experience with death is really made up of three components: the direct or indirect exposure to a death, the child's perceptions and reactions toward death, and the intervention of a mediating agent (relative, friend, teacher, counselor, the author of a book or poem, or the creator of a movie or television program). The helpfulness or…

BASIC LINGUISTIC CAPACITY IS PRESENT EXTREMELY EARLY IN CHILDREN. TWO-YEAR-OLDS UNDERSTAND TRANSITIVE ACTIVE SENTENCES AND THREE-YEAR-OLDS UNDERSTAND MANY PASSIVE SENTENCES. OLDER CHILDREN (THREE-YEAR-OLDS) UNDERSTAND SOME SENTENCES LESS WELL THAN YOUNGER CHILDREN (TWO-YEAR-OLDS). THIS BRIEF DECREASE IN COMPREHENSION ABILITY IS DUE TO THE…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO EVALUATE THE OBJECTIVES AND PRE-OPERATIONAL TRAINING OF A PROGRAM DESIGNED TO PROVIDE CHILD BEHAVIOR CONSULTANTS (CBCS) FOR SCHOOLS. THE EVALUATION IS BASED ON QUESTIONNAIRE DATA, CASE STUDIES, AND INTERVIEWS WITH TEACHERS AND STUDENTS. WHETHER THERE WERE ACTUAL PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STUDENTS WHO WERE…

Twenty-four four-year-old children were given a perceptual task (color matching), a memory task (color recognition), and a verbal task (color naming). The relation between the children's performance on the nonverbal and verbal tasks was demonstrated by the fact that nearly all the matching and recognition responses, even when incorrect, were from…

Children's serial motor skill acquisition was studied within a neo-Piagetian framework. High and low M-processors (a designation of a child's ability to produce problem solutions) performed on a curvilinear repositioning task. A primacy-recency effect was evidenced for both groups on the age-related task, while a recency effect occurred for only…

This document is divided into three parts. Part 1 introduces the Health and Optimum Physical Education project and explains that this project operates under the premise that movement education contributes to a child's total development. In part 2 four concepts are identified as the foundation for efficient and effective movement, and the way in…

Creative leisure activities make a profound contribution to the child's emotional, psychological, physical, aesthetic, and spiritual growth. We, as a nation, have failed to emphasize the importance of leisure experiences upon the individual. The prime obstacles have been two prejudicial attitudes: (1) that leisure is intrinsically less worthy than…

It is the author's contention that it is possible for a teacher with a thorough preparation in the content and process of science, and teaching one of the newer science programs, to have little effect on his class. This may be due to the teacher's lack of understanding of the world of children, of their capacities and capabilities. One way for a…