Examined effects of 12-week aerobic exercise program on psychological well-being and cognitive functioning in 48 urban older adults. Subjects were randomly assigned to aerobic group, social activity group, or waiting list group. Results indicated little change in psychological well-being and provided limited support for association of…

Suggests that one's worldview determines perception of conflict and that internal locus of control would be more meaningful in terms of conflict resolution. Sees personal boundaries as context for conflicts and as individual constructions of cultural expectations. Develops transformative model in which individual transformations, especially in…

Reid and Zeigler's Desired Control Measure (DCM); Levenson's Internal, Powerful Other, and Chance Locus of Control scales, Life Satisfaction Index; and Affect Balance Scale were completed by 363 older adults. The DCM apparently does not primarily tap locus of control and would be more appropriately used as a measure of individuals' perceptions of…

Assessed depression, burnout, and perceived job control (PJC) in 162 nurses. Depression accounted for over 19% of variance associated with emotional exhaustion, and PJC accounted for another 6%. Perceptions of uncontrollability were significantly related to higher levels of depression and burnout. Analyses suggest that perceived uncontrollability…

Proposes model of attributed responsibility for human immunodeficiency virus that classifies social judgments of another person's behavior that take into account extent to which behavior caused situation, person knew or should have known potential consequences of behavior, person intended to engage in behavior, and factors over which person had…

Explores how domestic violence is related to personal control. Finds that individuals who have initiated violence against a partner do not differ from individuals who have nonviolent relationships in feelings of personal control. Experiencing violence at the hands of a partner has more significant adverse effects on sense of personal control for…

Study 1 examined required service learning for 371 undergraduate business students; study 2 compared 63 undergraduates in voluntary and required service. Only for students who felt externally controlled did required service diminish future volunteering intentions. Readiness to volunteer moderated the effects of requirement. (SK)

Study shows that individuals making suicide attempts have elevated odds of hopelessness, neuroticism, introversion, low self-esteem, impulsiveness, and external locus of control. When allowances were made for intercorrelations between these measures, hopelessness, neuroticism, and external locus of control remained significant risk factors for…

Results from the Tasmanian Successful School Principal Project (SSPP) survey concur with the four major leadership tensions and dilemmas identified in a background literature review. These tensions and dilemmas relate to internal/external control, ethic of care/responsibility, and an emphasis on professional/personal as well as…

This study of 397 undergraduate students examined relations between self-reported control, goal orientation, future time perspective, affect, and strategic self-regulation. Five patterns were found in three canonical dimensions. The high end of bipolar Dimension 1 linked high self-regulated strategy use and study effort to high self-efficacy,…

The self-esteem of pupils has long been regarded as a key variable affecting both pupils' learning and behaviour, although the relationship between the two may not be as strong as many in education have always assumed. In this article, Jeremy Swinson, an educational psychologist and honorary lecturer in educational psychology at Liverpool John…

This study of 118 students who placed into basic skills sections of College English suggests that students' self-beliefs may be a particularly important predictor of success in weak writers in first-semester courses. Two types of writing self-efficacy scales--a writing tasks/skills scale and an approach-to-writing scale--were developed to follow…

Head Start is a federally funded preschool program for poor children designed to help close the gap between those children and their more advantaged peers before they begin public schooling. Given that Head Start appears to have positive long-run impacts on its recipients, a natural and important next question to ask is: What are the channels…

Children often overestimate their contribution to collaborative activities. Across 2 studies, the authors investigated whether this memory bias supports internalization of the actions of others in the context of joint exchanges. After taking turns with (high collaborative condition; Studies 1 and 2) or working independently of (low collaborative…

This study analyzed learner characteristics that affect satisfaction in an online certificate program under two main purposes. The first purpose was to examine relationships among selected variables (age, gender, educational level, and online course experience), learners' initial perceptions (online technology self-efficacy, online learning…