The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of indiscriminate use of counselor reflection, probe, confrontation, and free style on client behavior and client perceptions of counseling. The experiment was conducted at the University of Tennessee with 20 female volunteers from undergraduate education courses serving as subjects and four…

An observational schedule to assess child behavior in natural settings was devised, using a system of precoding of types of behavior. The schedule was designed to discover the opportunities the adult has provided for the child and the personal setting the child has selected from those available. Two types of codes are used. The first-level coding…

A discussion on the rights of children both within the legal structure of society and in the family are discussed. The position is taken that children have the right to be responsible for their own actions, the right to internalize control over their own behavior. It is also contended that under the conditions of freedom, choice, and contingent…

Human communication research has identified and tested numerous aspects of interpersonal transactions, but at present there exists no empirically verifiable data as to how people end these transactions. This study is concerned with the rhetoric of goodbye--determining and assessing the peculiar behaviors, both verbal and non-verbal, with which…

The effects of induced status differences on (1) seating position and (2) interpersonal distance from a confederate of a given status level were investigated. Using behavioral measures, induced status differences were found to influence both the amount of interpersonal distance and the quality of space. The results suggest simulation techniques…

Relationships among peer social interaction rate, classroom activity, and teaching style were investigated to determine whether teaching style could be defined in terms of differential student interaction rates across various classroom activities. Peer interaction rates were determined in three primary level classrooms representing various…

This speech contains an analysis of school personnel absence, that seeks to develop a formula useful for understanding more clearly the nature of absence behavior. Since absence is an important aspect of productivity, it is important to understand better the dynamics of absence. Absence could be conceptualized as contractual relationships within a…

The ability of naive listener-judges to recognize the affective state of a speaker on the basis of nonlinguistic auditory cues independent of the verbal content of an utterance has been well established by a large number of studies. This study used artificial stimuli produced by a Moog synthesizer to vary pitch level and variation, amplitude level…

THIS WAS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF INTERPERSONAL INTERACTIONS THROUGH WHICH TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEED IN INNER CITY SUBURBAN, AND RURAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS. A MAJOR OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK WAS TO IDENTIFY SOME CRITICAL DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENCE AMONG THESE THREE KINDS OF SETTINGS FOR MORE SYSTEMATIC ATTENTION LATER. TWO OBSERVERS VISITED…

PHYSICAL AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS WERE EXAMINED IN RELATION TO CLOTHING CHOICES IN AN EFFORT TO MORE FULLY UNDERSTAND THE REASONS BEHIND THE PERSONAL BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS OF DELINQUENT GIRLS. AN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OF 22 DELINQUENT GIRLS AND A CONTROL GROUP OF THE SAME NUMBER OF NONDELINQUENTS (MATCHED TO AGE, IQ, AND…

The origins of the Oklahoma Delaware reflect a complex history of migration, forced relocation, and punitive concentration. Though 36 tribal identities survive today, they are not of equal cultural coherence. Among the Delaware, there is no simple relation between socioeconomic status, level of acculturation, and factional membership. Rather, the…

The sex role preceptions and behavior of female college students were examined in this study. Using an exchange theory orientation, it was hypothesized that role perceptions and related behavior patterns are related to the rewards and costs a woman expects to result from the performance of masculine and feminine behaviors. The women first…

A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Spring of 1974 among U.S. High School Students concerning drinking practices, drinking attitudes, and problems related to alcohol consumption among American youth. The questionnaires were completed by a total of 13,122 students in grades 7-12 for a nationwide 2-stage, stratified sample. This report…

The purpose of this study was to begin exploration of the "class clown" phenomenon. Eighth grade students identified as class clowns on the basis of multiple peer nominations were compared to a random sample of classmates on: inferred and professed self-concept, school attitude, social status, and classroom behavior. Various demographic…

The degree of acquaintance among group members (friends or strangers) and the opportunity for group members to observe each other's actions (anonymous or non-anonymous) were manipulated in a 2 x 2 factorial design, to determine the amount of aversive stimulation that would be administered to a target person. When group members could not observe…