This study used achievement goal theory (AGT) in the Spanish second language (L2) classroom to determine what students' self-selected goals are and how those goals relate to the ACTFL World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages (National Standards Collaborative Board, 2015). AGT is built on the concept of goal orientation, which is the…

In the present study, the frequency effect was examined specifically in text reading in developing and expert readers. Third graders, fifth graders, and expert readers read the same short text containing high- and low-frequency words while their eye movements were recorded. The frequency effect was observed in temporal and spatial measures of eye…

Chikuro Hiroike (1866-1938) in Japan and Felix Adler (1851-1933) in the United States both founded movements as responses to what they saw as an ethical crisis produced by the forces of modernization and secularization in the later 19th and early 20th centuries. Believing that traditional religious organizations were no longer capable of defending…

Background: Adventure experiences offer opportunities to improve resilience by exposure to controlled challenging situations. While previous studies have shown improvements in resilience, they have often lacked matched control groups, relied on a single measure of resilience, and had limited longitudinal follow-up. Purpose: This research assessed…

Beginning with the classic work of Shepard, Hovland, & Jenkins (1961), Type II visual patterns (e.g., exemplars are large white squares OR small black triangles) have held a special place in investigations of human learning. Recent research on Type II "linguistic" patterns has shown that they are relatively frequent across languages…

Latest studies point out the importance of emotional competencies in young people's education. Music is closely linked to people's personal development and the evidence suggests that there are differences in young people who participate in group music-making activities and young people who do not. In the present study we analysed the…

Each year, 11.8 million adolescents in the United States cope with a chronic condition (CC), yet much of the research about these youth has been framed from a deficit perspective. The author developed and validated a measure of Positive Youth Development (PYD) for use with adolescents with CCs to address their unique circumstances. Expert ratings…

The purpose of this study was to investigate counseling expectations of Turkish university students as a function of gender and previous help-seeking experiences; also to investigate the role of psychological mindedness, locus of control, and self-concealment in predicting university students' expectations about counseling. Results indicated that…

The aim of this research is to introduce the opinions of the social studies teachers who receive education in USA and Turkey in relation to the concepts of nationalism, patriotism and global citizenship comparatively. The basic research design belonging to the research is of a case study model. The multiple techniques have been used to transform…

What relationships exist between Mexican students and their professors? This paper compares student expectations with their experiences. This comparison is done by analyzing which elements of personality, teaching style and learning environment are valued by Mexican students in the course of their formal university education. The study was…

The disciplinary intersection between community work and design is under-explored. Despite similarities in both the context and values of the work, there has not been a significant critical comparison of their respective approaches in either theory or practice. This article suggests that informal education offers an alternative lens to consider…

Objective: College students are most likely to seek psychological help from their peers. Internalized public stigma (ie, personal stigma) may prevent peer-helpers from aiding others, and such help-negating effects may depend on contextual factors such as race and gender. The current study examined a moderated mediation model in which the…

The present experiments investigated the influence of combined phonological and semantic information on lexical retrieval, metacognitive retrieval states, and selection in an immediate multiple-choice task. Younger and older adults attempted to retrieve words (e.g., abdicate) from low-frequency word definitions. Retrieval was preceded by primes…

This study aimed at identifying patterns of the followership styles and their relation to the leadership styles of academic leaders as perceived by faculty members in public and private universities in northern Jordan. The researchers used the descriptive correlation approach. The Kelley's scale was adopted for the followership styles, and…

The present study compares native and nonnative processing of Spanish active and passive sentences. The nonnative speakers were tested before and after receiving processing instruction on the Spanish passive. The native speakers were tested once and provide a baseline for comparisons. We measured accuracy and response time to select the correct…