In one experiment, subjects from third grade through college relied on memory retrieval rather than on counting to solve multiplication problems. An effect of confusing problems on error rates and reaction times indicated the activation of related information. In a second experiment, subjects demonstrated automaticity of fact retrieval on simple…

A four-equation simultaneous equations model was developed to analyze whether college student effort and achievement are jointly determined. Testing with 544 undergraduate students indicated that increased student efforts in working with faculty improved their grades, but course effort and library effort had no significant effect on grade point…

A Central Missouri State University study of the effects of part-time employment on first-year grade point averages, credits earned, and second-semester retention found no significant differences between students employed in work-study or regular employment, or not employed. Implications for counseling and evaluating financial aid packages are…

The general intelligence factor (g) was investigated using 170 university students across three batteries of ability measures: (1) a short-term memory battery; (2) the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery; and (3) a reaction time battery. Results support the notion of g and suggest short-term memory as an essential aspect of intelligence. (SLD)

This review of literature describes the status of school-university collaboration and analyzes it as a cross-cultural activity. Differences in school and university cultures are related to four themes: focus, tempo, rewards, and power. Approximately 100 references are listed, including 53 sources of school-university project descriptions. (IAH)

This review of research on lifespan approaches to career development finds that most studies focus on early career stages, fewer on middle to late adulthood. Research on work and nonwork domains (leisure, well-being, family) has increased in complexity and volume. Greater integration of these two strands is urged. (324 references) (SK)

A study examined attitudes of 95 women biomedical researchers in dual-career relationships toward mobility for enhancing occupational advancement. The women and spouses were surveyed concerning use of time, income, job satisfaction, willingness to move, and general career and marital satisfaction. Results indicate changes in gender effects on…

Sixteen students with learning disabilities in junior high special education classrooms were given instruction in science, with levels of teacher enthusiasm manipulated. Results suggest that more enthusiastic presentations resulted in significantly higher academic achievement and lower levels of off-task behavior. (Author/JDD)

This study investigated the ethics and effectiveness of a community service project with disabled citizens designed to foster college students' social responsibility. Community service raised student awareness of the need for inclusion of disabled citizens in community leisure programs and for genuine respect. Results also raised issues of…

This article describes the goals, challenges, strategies, and successes of second-language teachers involved in The Books Project, in which teachers learned about writing workshops and received support to implement such workshops in their schools. The teachers involved found that they were particularly constrained by limited time, space, and…

Surveyed 103 parents of Head Start children. Found that various aspects of positive parental functioning were related to increases in overall leisure time and leisure time spent with spouse for both mothers and fathers; increases in leisure time with extended family for mothers; and increases in leisure time with children for fathers. (MDM)

Explores community, contrariness, and cottage farming with author Gene Logsdon. Discusses the value of living, working, and playing with one's children (including home schooling) and the pitfalls of careerists isolating themselves from the community. Maintains that diversity is an essential part of the cottage farming lifestyle and leads to…

Studies stresses, strains, and coping mechanisms of 87 black students at predominantly white colleges and universities. The survival kit of coping responses of these students is presented for five primary stress areas: (1) academic, (2) financial, (3) time management, (4) black population, and (5) racism. (SLD)

Ten preschool children with developmental phonological disorders were followed for seven years. Analyses characterize the sequence, rates, and error patterns of long-term speech-sound normalization in relation to developmental perspectives. Findings support the hypothesis of a critical period for speech-sound development, with long-term…

Presents instructional strategies for teaching middle school students about time zones and why the earth experiences night and day. Provides instructions for helping students make and use sextants and sun dials. Describes class activities and student-teacher dialogue. (CFR)