The follow-ups showed maintenance of and steady improvement in nighttime fearless behavior, with only one child exhibiting fear. No new problems occurred. Results supported the use of direct instruction of parents and children to overcome severe nighttime fears of children. (Author/BEF)

Individuals given assertion training showed increases in acceptance of disability scores, self-concept/esteem scores, and social interaction skills scores when compared with individuals who did not experience assertion training. Assertion training was effective for increasing acceptance of disability in physically disabled university students.…

The author proposes affection training as an alternative to sexual reorientation for homosexuals. This training emphasizes the expansion of behavioral repertories rather than the sexual preference of an individual. Presented at the annual convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, San Francisco, 13 December 1975. (Author)

It is proposed that clinicians should develop research-based assertiveness training procedures for homosexuals that are designed to facilitate homosexual functioning. Subjects (N=27) were assigned to a behaviorally oriented assertive training group or a non-directive group run by a homosexual guidance service. Self-report measures indicated…

Describes the "wraparound" process--a method for developing realistic behavior plans for children with emotional and behavioral disabilities, involving significant persons from all domains of the child's life. Explores how this process can be used by educators in education plans and in other school-based planning meetings. (RJM)

Evaluates whether time-in alone (physical touch and verbal praise) versus the combined use of time-in and time-out was a more effective treatment for noncompliance with three developmentally disabled children. Results show that although time-in alone resulted in increased compliance, the time-in/time-out combined phase resulted in further…

A study of three children (ages 3-5) with developmental disabilities evaluated the effects of environmental enrichment on self-injurious behavior. Each child participated in a free-operate preference assessment to identify relative preferences for aberrant behavior. This assessment correctly predicted the success of environmental enrichment to…

This study assessed the efficacy of using obsessions as reinforcers contingent upon nonoccurrence of inappropriate behaviors in four children (ages five and six) with autism. The most effective treatment was providing the obsession plus mild reductive procedures (such as time out). Use of obsessions alone and use of food reinforcers with mild…

Describes a pragmatic approach using cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) to help correct parents' dysfunctional cognitions and strengthen confidence in parenting. Details three components of CBT: (1) focusing on positive behavior; (2) ignoring negative behavior if not dangerous; and (3) using special time. Notes that positive reinforcement is key to…

A time-out from speaking contingency was evaluated in the treatment of stuttering in three school-age children. A red light time-out signal appeared for five seconds when the child stuttered. Two of the children responded to time-out with clear reductions in stuttering. Listeners did not detect any differences between the perceptually stutter-free…

This study of four children (ages 4-5) with emotional and behavioral disorders demonstrated that high-probability requests delivered in a variant sequence were more effective than those delivered in an invariant sequence. Children were able to act as change agents by delivering the high-probability sequences. (Author/CR)

In this study of a 12-year-old boy with autism, mental retardation, and a history of severe gastrointestinal problems, who refused liquids and food, backward chaining was used to shape drinking from a cup and a fading procedure was used to increase the water he was required to drink. (Author/CR)

Describes a token economy that used tokens styled as license plates to elicit appropriate behavior in an inclusive fifth-grade class in which four students with behavior disorders were enrolled. Student involvement in establishing the "driving rules" of the classroom is explained, the components of a token economy are outlined, and steps for group…

A study examined the impact of a peer-mediated intervention consisting of songs and finger plays, attention to photographs of desired behavior, and peer verbal cues, on two preschoolers with developmental delays. The intervention resulted in increases in engaged and on-task behavior, interactive play, and appropriate participation in circle/story…

This case study of a 7-year-old general education student with behavior problems illustrates how school personnel can implement high quality consultative services. Evaluation of a behavioral intervention (contingency contracting) indicated a significant decrease in disruptive behavior from baseline. Positive treatment effects were maintained at…