This paper, which deals chiefly with Black English (BE), is an attempt "to exemplify some general principles concerning the nature of nonstandard dialects" with the chief goal of demonstrating the legitimacy of such dialects and fostering an attitude of respect towards them. The following points are stressed: (1) BE shares many features with other…

This is a reprint of a work published in 1873. Cross-referenced definitions of languages and dialects, geographical areas, native peoples, and philological terms comprise the major portion of this book. Approximately 4,200 entries are included. An intoduction describes the geographical distribution of major languages. [Not available in hard copy…

The Michigan Department of Education runs a comprehensive program serving the social, physical, occupational, and educational needs of its approximately 90,000 migrants. Described in this paper are materials prepared as a part of the education program for migrant preschoolers, most of whom speak a nonstandard dialect of Spanish. The Oral Language…

Natural and honest ways must be found to motivate disadvantaged students for second-dialect and second-language learning. Young children, actors, and foreigners seem to learn new dialects and languages easily because they have a strong motivation as a part of their environments. In order to motivate students, we must take into consideration the…

The author discusses fields of inquiry important to the planners of teacher-preparation programs because they have some sort of help to offer the teacher of Standard English as a Second Dialect. Linguistics describes the student's home language, shows the teacher what needs to be noticed about the target dialect, and how that feature of the…

The five papers in this report present partial analyses of data collected for an exploratory research project. The five papers are: (1) "Discussion of Research Procedures and General Observations Regarding Bilingualism," Donald M. Lance; (2) "Some Comments on the English of Eight Bilinguals," Gail McBride Smith; (3) "Analysis of the English of…

The 804 entries in this bibliography are divided into four major categories. The first category, regional dialects, is concerned with those varieties of English which are confined within specific areas of the continental United States. The second, social dialects, is concerned with varieties of English which have features that tend to be…

When teaching composition to speakers of Black English, instructors should be aware of the dominance of oral expression in black culture and base the writing program on developing the students' present language abilities. The social value placed by inner-city blacks on oral expression is evident in the varying verbal contests carried out when…

Three special English courses have been developed to help poorly prepared native University of Alaska freshmen whose three major groups--Aleuts, Eskimos, and Indians--embrace a variety of linguistic backgrounds: (1) a course for students more fluent in English which uses English as a Second Language techniques, (2) a writing course which prepares…

This book looks at the essential dynamics of language contact and linguistic assimilation from a current sociolinguistic perspective by focusing on the English of second generation Puerto Rican teen-agers in New York City. General sociolinguistic principles are extrapolated from the author's detailed investigation of several linguistic variables…

This booklet comments on the second dialect teaching situation with special emphasis given to the role of the native dialect, the definition of the standard dialect, special factors affecting the pupil, teaching methodology, and teacher training. The first section examines dialects associated with the influence of a specific foreign language,…

This study investigated how much of the Language Instruction Register (variation in language in different social situations) black-vernacular speaking children had acquired by grades one, three, and five. A sentence repetition task was devised which contained selected Language Instruction Register forms having black ghetto vernacular semantic…

This study investigated some characteristics of intonation patterns in the English spoken by black adolescents in Seattle, Washington. It was hypothesized that if intonation is central to communicating attitude, and if Black English intonation differs systematically from that of Standard English, communication between blacks and whites may be…

The syntactical speech characteristics of black children living in depressed areas of an Eastern city were compared with the eight identified by Baratz, i.e., absence of "s" in the third person singular, zero copula, double negation and "ain't," zero past marker, zero possessive marker, zero plural marker, the substitution of "did" or "can" for…

This study compared the use of oral language of children who had participated in a Head Start program with that of children with no preschool experience. Of the 43 children enrolled in Project Uplift, 25 were Afro-American, one was Anglo-American, and seventeen were Mexican-American. It was found that Head Start participation for the groups…