Children display an early sensitivity to implicit proportions (e.g., 1 of 5 apples vs. 3 of 4 apples), but have considerable difficulty in learning the explicit, symbolic proportions denoted by fractions (e.g., "1/5" vs. "3/4"). Theoretically, reducing the gap between representations of implicit versus explicit proportions…

By the preschool age, children exhibit a diversity of prosocial behaviors that include both sharing resources and helping others. Though recent work has theorized that these prosocial behaviors are differentiated by distinct ages of emergence, developmental trajectories and underlying mechanisms, the experimental evidence in support of the last…

The aim of this study is to explore the computational thinking (CT) processes of university students with the integration of CAS and ACODESA method within the context of problem-solving. The participants of the study are 22 university students. The embedded design was used in the study. The qualitative data consists of the written products of the…

The Computational Thinking (CT) teaching approach allows students to practice problem-solving in a way that they can use the Computer Science mindset. In this sense, Collaborative Learning has a lot to contribute to educational activities involving the CT. This article presents the design and evaluation of a Collaborative Learning framework for…

To help novice learners overcome the obstacles of learning computational thinking (CT) through programming, it is vital to identify difficult CT components. This study aimed to determine the computational concepts and practices that learners may have difficulties acquiring and discuss how programming instructions should be designed to facilitate…

In practice, some test items may display misfit at the upper-asymptote of item characteristic curve due to distraction, anxiety, or carelessness by the test takers (i.e., the slipping effect). The conventional item response theory (IRT) models do not take the slipping effect into consideration, which may violate the model fit assumption in IRT.…

Student growth percentiles (SGPs) have become a common means to measure and report on student academic growth for state education accountability, and some states have adopted SGP cutscores as a means of classifying student growth into categories like "high/medium/low" growth. It has therefore become important to understand properties of…

Bayesian inference for structural equation models (SEMs) is increasingly popular in social and psychological sciences owing to its flexibility to adapt to more complex models and the ability to include prior information if available. However, there are two major hurdles in using the traditional Bayesian SEM in practice: (1) the information nested…

In many psychological and educational applications, it is imperative to obtain valid and reliable score estimates of multilevel processes. For example, in order to assess the quality and characteristics of high impact learning processes, one must compute accurate scores representative of student- and classroom-level constructs. Currently, there…

"Paideia," a Classical ancient Greek notion of education, encompassed both holistic formal instruction and art (particularly poetry) as means to develop cultural values and understanding. This dissertation examines how the new media arts--as a transdisciplinary and computational field--can be leveraged to fulfill a contemporary notion of…

Assessing student achievement over multiple years is complicated by students' annual matriculation through different classrooms. The process of matriculation, or annual classroom change, threatens the validity of statistical inferences because it violates the independence of observations necessary in a regression context. The current study…

Computer programming has become an essential part of K12 education, promoted as a way for students to engage in computational thinking that helps develop students' ability to analyze and solve problems and prepare them for future careers. Tabletop board games are seen as an effective means to help students learn computer programming. Several board…

This study aims to investigate students' computational thinking (CT) through mathematical tasks integrated with programming in Scratch. Participants completed four tasks that required students to solve coding problems, which were focused on prime numbers and the prime factorization algorithm. The study was designed as a case study and the unit of…

This study explored the effects of a self-adapted mobile concept mapping-based problem-posing (CMPP) approach applied in a virtual museum context. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a quasi-experimental design was applied to compare the critical thinking tendency, meta-cognition tendency, problem-solving tendency,…

A key commitment of computer-supported collaborative learning research is to study how people learn in collaborative settings to guide development of methods for capture and design for learning. Computer-supported collaborative learning research has a tradition of studying how the physical world plays a part in collaborative learning. Within the…