The protocol materials on phonology in black nonstandard dialects prepared for use by a group of elementary teacher trainees are described. The thirteen phonological concepts studied include: (1) free variation of sounds or full phonemes; (2) the loss of the /r/ phoneme, except in initial position in a syllable; (3) the omission of final single…

The formal study of social dialects has received increasing attention since about the middle of the sixties. In linguistics, the study of social dialectology has resulted in the clear demonstration of the importance of sociolinguistic variation in linguistic theory in contrast to the former preoccupation with linguistic universals. In education,…

The basic objective of this research was to determine whether educators were justified in lumping togetner all Negro speech as "Negro Dialect" or whether there were wide variations within the inner city Negro community which educators should take into account when preparing reading materials. Thirty first-grade Negro children were…

LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN CHICAGO, DETROIT, LONDON, NEW YORK CITY, AND WASHINGTON, D.C. ARE REVIEWED. THEY SUGGEST ONE OF THE CURRENT TRENDS IN DIALECT RESEARCH--NARROW LINGUISTIC, INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSES OF LANGUAGE VARIATION IN CITIES. ANOTHER TREND STUDIED IS THE DESCRIPTION OF THE SPEECH OF STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS, AND…

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the oral reading strategies of average and below-average readers in grades four, five, and six who were speakers of Hawaiian Islands dialect. Fifty subjects from Keaukaha School on the island of Hawaii composed the sample group. Subjects were selected on the basis of their standardized test…

Discusses grading problems encountered in southern dialect writers' themes and makes a distinction between regulative and constitutive rules. (MKM)

Analysis and comparison of the decoding strategies of 50 Hawaiian Islands dialect speakers in grades four, five, and six showed statistically significant differences in the strategies used by average and below-average readers in each grade and across succeeding grade levels. (JM)

The role of speech-language pathologists in developing Standard English skills among inner city children is seen to include dispelling negative attitudes toward linguistic and cognitive abilities of minority children, developing classroom stimulation programs, and eliminating cultural biases in language oriented materials. (CL)

Points out that the linguistic rules of one's dialect determine what one hears and that items on tests of auditory discrimination may prove difficult for adults and nearly impossible for children. (JM)

Proposes a method for describing the relationship between writing error and style shifting rates across communicative situations. Finds that errors diminished in proportion to the tendency of students to select grammatical features that are shared by Black American English and Standard American English in formal communicative situations. (RAE)

Describes a study which addressed three questions: (1) Do Hawaiian-English children have the same general ability to understand connected discourse as their standard English-speaking peers? (2) Do they have more difficulty understanding standard English than their own dialect? and (3) Can they more easily understand standard English by making…

A reanalysis of 1981 data on teachers' hearing status and ethnic backgrounds and a recent survey of 73 public residential schools for deaf students revealed an extremely small number of Black deaf teachers. Implications of this finding and of differences in Black deaf signs are considered. (CL)

Discusses approaches and problems in teaching English as a second dialect writing. Also discusses the kinds of clues student writings provide on the students' progress in mastery of standard English. (EKN)

At the prekindergarten and kindergarten age, children generally appear to be oblivious to dialect differences and fail to associate these differences in language variety with black speakers. (JH)

This experiment using the matched-guise technique in a natural setting shows that listeners' cooperative behavior can be influenced by a speaker's style of speech not only in a face-to-face situation, but also on the basis of voice cues alone. Broadness of pronunciation also influences reactions. (POP)